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| International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) 106
international institution 94 international law 94 International Monetary Fund 95 international norms and laws 95 international trade 61 international treaty 100 internship 64, 130 interpret a term 25 intrastate 96 invasion of privacy 19 invention 100 inventor 100 invest 43, 51 investigating authority 113 investigation of crimes 10 investment 77 investment environment 128 investor 43 invoice sb 131 involve 32 involve 94, 96, 100, 102, 103, 104, 136, 137, 138 involved (in) 35 Islamic law 107 issue 97, 102, 116 issue credit 128 J Jewish law 106 joint purchase of land 117, 137 joint venture 132 joyriding 39 judge 40 Judicature Acts 139 judicial interpretation 108 judicial opinion 10 jump at the opportunity 137 junior lawyer 112 jurisdiction 18, 39, 40, 72, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 116, 137 jury 40 justice department 127 K keep sth in mind 9 keep up to date 96 key 45 key concept 100 kidnapping 39 knife crime 43 knowledge of the law 96 L label 104 labour court 136 labour law 97 labour policies 136 labour union 122 land 72 landlord and tenant 60 landlord or landlady 73, 157 landmark case 98, 136 landmark ruling 98 landowner 73 language proficiency 109 laptop 46 larceny 39 late notice 126 launch an internship 65 law clinic 8, 14, 17, 33 law degree 8 law enforcement 10 law in action 114 law of supranational organisations 95 law practice 8 law suit 83 laws of war 94 lawsuit (against sb for sth) 27 lawyer 127 lawyer in private practice 97 lead to the bankruptcy 98 lead-in 8, 13 leading organization 106 leading question 35 learn about / of 107 learn about the differences 107 lease 72, 73, 157 lease payment 75 lease right to land 74 leasehold 72, 157 leasehold estate 72 leasehold interest 73 leasehold interests in land 73 leave everything with sb 138 leave property to a charity 73 leave sb in a complicated mess 137 leave to the discretion (of) 98 lecture on contract law 21 legal 94 legal action 24, 137 legal argument in a case 103 legal assistance 8 legal categories 137 legal challenges 112 legal citation 10 legal claim against the property 133 legal concept 22, 103, 138 legal cost 88 legal dispute 83 legal education 114 legal entity 132 legal fee 88 legal framework 105 legal ground 23 legal instruments 98 legal issue 25, 30, 104, 136, 137 legal judgment 138 legal obligation 94 legal order 95 legal person 50 legal personality 50 Legal Practice Course (LPC) 13 legal principles 108 legal protection in place 70 legal remedy 90 legal research 8 legal right 18, 94 legal skills 96 legal system 18 legal writing 8 legally binding 79 legally enforceable 73 legislation 94 legislature 61, 116 lender 61 let 77 letter before action 89 letter of advice 112 letter of application 65 letting agency 134 levy 133 lexical signpost 112 liability 10, 29, 79 liable 29 liable for 129 liable for damages 25 liable for damages and costs 135 libel 37 libelous 36 liberalism 107 licence, license 73, 158 licensee 73, 158 Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants 28 Liechtenstein (the Principality of Liechtenstein) 111 lien 77, 79, 133 lienholder 133 life estate 72, 158 life insurance 124 limitation period for claims 131 limited company 133 limited liability 50 liquidate property 61 litigant-in-person 33 litigate cases in court 130 litigation 17, 70, 83, 132 litigation and arbitration 8 little evidence 135 loading of cargo 126 loading of goods 22 loan 43, 61, 127 locally determined minimum wage 136 long-running case 100 look after the place 134 look to previous case law 108 Lord Chancellor (Lord High Chancellor) 110 ‘loser pays’ rule 88 losing party 85 loss 20, 28, 29 loss of earnings capacity 29 loss of liberty 40 loss suffered through 136 losses 10 lost commission 131 lost wages 29 lower court 108 lucrative 135 lucrative contract 118 M mailing list 127 main claim 103, 104 maintenance 13, 124 major powers 96 major repairs 75 major source of law 108 majority 102 make a claim for compensation 70 make a contribution (to) 113 make a counter-offer 18 make a demand 85 make administration of the foundation 115 make an agreement 18 make an offer 18, 86 make capital repairs 75 make discretionary payments 115 make international law 94, 95 make one’s side clear 24 malfeasance 127 malicious 90 malicious statement 37 malpractice 29 management company 115 mandatory 49 manslaughter 39 manufacture 100 maritime law 130 market abuse 44 market value of property 111 master disc 101 Masters Program in Comparative Law 107 match 18 maternity leave 135 matter of customary law 94 mature 132 measure 97, 137 measure of damages 102 mediation 83 medical expenses 126 meet a commitment 124 meet the current housing shortage 78 member state 106 member state 98, 117, 137 memo 124 memorandum 10 memorandum of association 50 mentor 123 mercantile agency 60 merely 73 merger 14 merger requirements 96 mergers and acquisitions 14 merits of a case 35 mid-term exam 14 minimum wage 99, 136 minor 40 minute 129 misconduct 90 misdemeanor 39, 40, 110 misrepresent 38 misstatement 29 mixed (or pluralistic) legal system 106 mixed message 128 money laundering 39 monitor 195 monopoly right 100 mortgage 60, 77 (the) most litigated area of law 33 motion to debate 99 move (to) 103 multi-jurisdiction class 116 multilateral treaty 134 multinational 96 multiple jurisdictions 102 murder 29, 42 mutual agreement 75 N named beneficiaries 113 nation state 94, 100 national 103 national legal system 98 natural person 55 negligence 29, 75, 135 negligent damage 29 negligent torts 29 negligently caused injury 10 negotiable instrument 60 negotiate a contract 18 negotiate a settlement 118 negotiate a transaction 17 negotiate and conclude a transaction 66 negotiating 33 negotiation 21, 84 no cure, no pay basis 66 no end of trouble 135 no matter which 104, 137 nominate the date 22 non-affiliated stakeholder 52 non-agricultural land 76 non-aligned 96 non-breaching party 19 non-contentious work 60 non-discrimination 97 non-governmental 96, 105 non-legal option 35 non-pecuniary damages 138 non-US manufactured computer 102 Nordic countries 136 not guilty 40 not liable for charges against property incurred by previous owner’s 79 notable 107 notable convention 107 notably 97, 113 notarial 77 notarial deed 77 notarise 79 notarised 79 notice 22, 75, 131 notice of termination 68 notice period 131 notice to quit 80 notification 22 notify 23, 75 notify in advance 126 notify of termination 75 nuisance 10 O obey 87 obey international law 94 obligate 27 obligation 19, 47 obsolete 72 obstruction of justice 39, 40 occur 29, 101, 102 offender 39, 40 offer 10, 18, 80, 135 offer on-line 96 offeree 27 offeror 27 officials in tax administrations 97 on account of sb 61 on behalf of sb 61, 66, 86 on demand 61 on the average 69 on the grounds of 91 on the grounds of public necessity 75 on the spot 136 one-sided promise 18 on-line discussion group 116, 117 on-line dispute resolution (ODR) 83 online forum for caterers 137 onwards (onward) 107 open a bank account 129 open and obvious danger 126 open question 34 optional (course) 8 oral contract 19 ordinary shares 130 origin 107 originate (from) 94 otherwise 13 outcome 126 outcome of a case 84, 104, 137 outline 25, 124, 136, 138 outline convention 94 outlive 73 out-of-court settlement 24, 32 overlap 29 overseas subsidiary 112 oversee 129 overturn 108 overturn previously developed case law through new legislation 108 overview 15, 16 own 73, 115 own 132 own an entity 115 owner 72, 116, 117 ownership 72 ownership interest (of shareholders) 111 ownership interests 129 ownership of land 72 ownership rights to land 132 P pain and suffering 29 panel 134 paramount 108 parole 40 participate 135 particular case 109 parties to a treaty 95 partnership 8, 17, 50 party 18, 79 pass an order 83 pass on to heirs 72 pass-through entity 129 past consideration 110 patent 61, 100 Patent Act (1984) 101 patent application 130 patent bar 123 patent battle 100 patent infringement 100 patent law 100, 130 patent row 100 patent violation 100 patented product 101, 102 patented speech-processing computer 101 pattern of state practice 94 pay a deposit 133 pay a judgment 137 pay disparity 123 pay in compensation 19 pay rent 74 pay said rent on time 74 payable in advance 80 pay-out 89 pays a penalty 133 ‘peanut kernel’ case 86 penetrate an overseas market 66 (the) People v. O.J. Simpson 28 percentage of the sale price 66 perform a contract 18 performance of a contract 10 performance of the agency contract 69, 131 period in question 69 periodic tenancy 134 permanent residence / home 103, 136 permission 73 permit 76, 129 personal assets 113 personal gain 45 personal identity information (PII) 45 personal property 72, 73, 158 personal rights 107 pertain (to) 138 petty crime 40 phenomenon 136 phishing 45 physical evidence 85 pick up where one left off 137 picketing 136 place interpretation on the statute 108 plain language 104 planners 113 planning permission 79 plead 135 pleading 83, 91 podcast 46 point 15, 16, 17, 124 policy organ 95 policy statement 129 political federation 95 pose a problem 109 positive 19 possession 72 postal exchange of hard copies 137 posting 36 post-trial motion 85 potential investor 132 potential reward 78 powers 10 practices of traders 60 practicing lawyer 96 preceding month 134 pre-empt 128 preference shares 130 pregnancy 91 preponderance of evidence 40 prescription 107 present one's case 99 preserve 85 pressure the company 136 presumption 100 pretext 45 pre-trial 83, 85 prevailing party 135 prevent 88 prevent or delay the sale 133 Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) 44 prima facie 119 principal 61, 66 principal vehicle (for) 94 prior consent 75 prior to 68 privacy law 130 private individual 94 private international law 106 private international law 94 private law 60 private limited company (Ltd) 55 proactive 88, 130 probation 40 procedural history 30, 31, 32 proceed 116 proceeding 33, 36 proceedings 84 procure knowledge of the customers 67 product liability 10, 31 profit 129 profitability 124 progressive unification (of law) 107 prohibit 40 promise 18 promissory estoppel 110 promote 57 promote equal treatment and protection of workers 99, 136 promotion 136 proof 101 proper performance of the contract 69, 131 property 72, 118, 137 property developers 79 property interest 73, 159 property investment 78 property law 13, 134 property lawyer 115 property transfer tax 77, 133 property value 78 proposal 97 proscribe 40 prosecute 127 prosecution 40 prosecutor 40 prospecting letter 63 prospects for advancement 122 prospects of success 90 prospectus 120 provide 101 provide a favourable outcome (for) 103 provide a service (services) 98, 99, 136 provide concrete evidence 135 provide for an indemnity [compensation, damages] 131 provide in-depth knowledge (of) 96 provide insight into 114 provisions 68 proximate cause 30 proximately 30 public administration 10 public and private legal organisations 96 public interest of protecting workers 136 public international law 94 public law 60 public limited company (Plc) 55 public offering 120 public order crimes 40 public policy 10 public registry 113 public sale 120 publicly listed company 50 punish 42 punitive 90 punitive damages 29, 32, 90 purchase 25, 127 purchase agreement 79 purchase price 77 pursuant to 75 pursue 91 pursue a career (in commercial law) 14 pursue a claim 90 put a client at ease 35 put down … per cent of the property value 133 put forward 92 put in an order for sth 131 put on parole 42 put sb in touch with sb 137 put sb through 132 put simply 104, 105, 137 Q quit 80 R raise alternative financing 103 raise capital for the business venture 137 raise conflict of law issues 116 raise money 129 random theft 128 rape 39, 40 rapid 135 rather than 95 ratify an agreement 61 rationale 10 Re: 37 reach a decision, a judgment 101 reach a goal 98 reach a settlement 26, 83, 85 reach an agreement 125 reach an out-of-court settlement 32 reach of US patent laws 100 real estate 72, 159 real property 60, 72, 159 real property foreclosure 79 real property investment law 74 real property law 72, 159 real property’s designation 75 real-estate sales contract 73 rearrange 87 reasonable medical expenses 29 reasonable person 30 reasoning 30, 102, 109 recent changes 96 recent developments 97 recent upgrade 117 recently 102 recipient 90 reckon 135 recognise the right to collective action 99, 136 recognition of judgment 107 reconstruction work 133 record 9 recourse to the judicial decision 134 recover a loss 27 recover a shortfall 129 recover possession of the property 80 recovery of economy 43 recruit 8, 9 recruiting 124 redeem 82 reduce by 20% 126 reduce costs 118 reduce damages 32 reduce tax burden 112 reduce their exposure to risk 133 reduction 26 redundancy 135 refer (a case to a lawyer) 37 refer 94, 101 reference to 37 refund (the money for) 36 refute (page 37) regardless (of) 136 regional agreements 95 registered letter 68, 131 registered office 68 regular (street) crime 127 regulate trade and commerce 60 regulation 50, 68, 69, 70, 132 Regulations of the European Union 68 regulator 51 regulatory issue 89 reimburse sb 131 reject an offer 18 reject responses 101 relating (to) 96 relevancy 10 relevant 103 relevant fact 92, 135 relevant law 25 relevant point of law 30 reliance 23, 120 reliance damages 23 relief 29 religious ( theological) legal system 106 religious law 106 relocation costs 123 rely on 23, 126 remain in possession 74 remedy 10, 18, 28, 29, 90, 120 remedy for breach of contract 20 remove 12 remove requirements 97 remove the position 111 remuneration 69, 90 render 108 render a decision 108 render a verdict 39, 40 renegotiate a contract 25 renounce sth 82 renovate 136 rent 73, 74, 159 rent property from sb 77 rent property out to sb 77 rental agreement 79 rental income 77 rental terms 79 renvoi 103, 104, 117, 137 repatriate 113 repatriate assets 113 repayment of mortgage 78 repeal a requirement 133 repeat order 67, 131 rephrase 104 replace 33, 127 replacement 26, 127 report 31 reported judgment 107 repossess property 61 represent 118 represent sb 66 representation 96, 105 repudiate 135 request 85 request confirmation from 25 request damages 28 require 8, 11 requirement 10 research legal developments 96 resemble 11 reserved powers 10 residence 68, 117 resident 132 resign 135 resolve 137, 138 resolve disputes 130 resolve legal disputes 40 respective 11 respond 38, 101 response (to) 38, 85, 135 rest of the time 136 restitution 20 restraint-of-trade clause 70, 132 restrict free enterprise 61 restrict the right of the company 99, 136 restricted 35 restriction on the power of unions 99 restrictive clause 132 restrictive covenants 79, 133 result from 100, 124, 137 result in 29 resumé 64 retain 72, 82 retain possession of the land 72, 73 retaining 124 retirement fund 127 retirement plan 124 retraction 36 reveal 128 revenue 126 reverse a decision 30 review a decision 31 reward 15, 125 right of payment 61 right of rescission 120 right of use 72, 159 right of way 134 right to payment of money 19 right to rescind 120 right to termination 126 right to the airspace above the land 72 right to the minerals underneath the land 72 rightful owner 137 rigid mandatory minimum 49 rigid test 100 rise 89 rise to that challenge 125 rising poverty 43 risk distribution 10 rival 132, 135 root 9 rule against sb 25 rule in a case 101, 136 ruling 30, 98, 99, 100, 102, 136 run 50 run out of funds 129 run Windows 102 S S corporation 129 sack 135 safe from creditors 115 safeguard money (from) 112 Sale of Goods Act 26 sale of goods and services 60 sale of land 19 sale price 66 sales volume 67 salvage 131 sample response 9 satellite system 26 satisfactory proposal 90 satisfy the debt 129 satisfy the lien 133 savings 43, 128 scam 128 search and seizure 10 secondary market 120 secondary residence 133 Secretary of State for Justice 139 section of the contract 22 secure a patent 130 secure cross-border recognition of the award 138 secured transaction 60 securities 43 security interest (in property) 61 see out a notice period 132 seek advice 33 seek damages 69 segregate (from) 113 self-employed agent 68 self-employment tax 129 seller 22, 79 senior lawyer 112 sensitive 44 sentence to imprisonment 42, 44 separate jurisdiction 106 separate legal identity 113 separate national legal measures 98 separate personality 50 serve a notice 68 set out the background to a policy area 98 set up business 102, 136 settle 138 settle a contact dispute 60 settle out of court 32, 126 settled deal 21 settlement 126, 132 settlement boundaries 132 settlor 112 severance payment 138 shadow sb 70 share 44, 132 share of the deposit 103, 137 shareholder 51 shareholding member 50 sheer 43, 128 shipment 22 shipper of goods 61 shop around 104, 137 shoplifting 29, 39 shortfall 128 shorthold tenancy 80 shortly before sth 137 shred 47 sign 80 sign a contract 137 sign a lease 148 signatory (to) 96 signatory to a convention 87 simplified business environment for companies 97 simplify 97, 106 simplify rules 106 simulated arbitration 85, 86 skill 9, 10 skills and ethics course 96 skim through the texts 96 skimming 45 slander 37 slanderous statement 36 small claims court 26 so far 32, 91 social dumping 136 social law 97 social objectives 107 social security number 128 socialistic law 106 software patent dispute 100 sole practitioner 8, 17 sole proprietor 50 sole purpose 134 solicitor 13, 83 solve a problem 17 sort code 46 source 89 source from 129 sources of public international law 94 sovereign nations 95 sovereign state 95, 106 spam law 130 specialise (in sth) 97, 116 specific areas of the law 96 specific performance 19, 139 specific situations 107 specified rent 73, 159 specify 73 stagnation l35 stalking 39 stamp duty 77, 133 standard form contract 67 standard form tenancy agreement 134 standard of proof 29 standardise 100 standing 120 stare decisis 107 state bar 123 state the conditions in a contract 125 statement 37 states in a federal system 94 status claimed 137 statute 10 statute law (statutory law) 108 Statute of Frauds 73, 157 statute of limitation 115 statutory 136 statutory dismissal 136 statutory form (page 51, 59) statutory interpretation 116 statutory law 10 statutory limitations 10 statutory minimum 134 statutory mission (of the HCC) 107 statutory periodic tenancy 80 statutory provision 108 statutory rape 40 Stella award (a Stella) 32 stick to the facts 135 stipulate 133 Stock Exchange 44 strengths and weaknesses 122 strenuously 90 stressful 92 strict liability 10 strict liability crimes 40 strict liability tort 29 strike 30 strike out a clause 132 structure 107 subject matter of the contract 18 subject of the complaint 139 subject to paragraph (9) 69 subject-matter 114 submit an application 65 subsequent 72 subsequently 25 subsidiary 66, 136 substantial damages 135 substantive 134 substantive law 60 successive 79 successive ownerships or transfer of real property 79 sue 50, 100, 116, 137 sue for an injunction 28, 29 sue for breach of contract 19 sue for damages 28, 29, 126, 131 suffer (an) injury 32 suffer damage 131 suffer harm 29 suffer losses 27 sufficient 77 suit 39 summarise 76 superlative forms (of adjectives and adverbs) 12 supervision 33 supplement 108 supplemented by decisions in individual cases 108 supply 35, 101, 102 support 91 support the case 102 support the purpose 113 supranational law 94 supranational legal framework 94, 95, 105 supranational organisations 95, 105 surf the web 127 surrender property to sb 61 surrounding words 9, 11 surveillance 10 survey 79, 128 surveyed 89 suspect 135 suspend 39 suspended sentence 49 suspicion 135 sustainable 55 sweatpants 32 syllable 12 sympathetic 35 systematize 107 T take a case to court 33 take a decision 35 take action(s) 98, 136 take further action 24 take legal action 35 take precedence 111 take sb seriously 127 take the testimony 85 tangible property 72, 73 target 46, 128 target audience 97 target language 138 tax 73 tax advantages 133 tax avoidance 112 tax election 128 tax evasion 112, 128 tax haven 112 tax law 60 tax lawyer 96 tax legislation 96 tax matter 13 tax saving 73 tax treatment 50 technical term 22 technically 72 technique 35 telecoms operator 100 temporary 72 temporary possession 73 tenancy 74 tenancy agreement 77, 79, 134 tenancy deposit protection scheme 80 tenant 73, 160 tender 125 terminate 75 terminate a contract 23 terminate an agency contract 69, 70, 131 termination of agency contract 69, 131 termination of tenancy 74 test 100 text cohesion 112 that is 18, 103, 136 theft 37, 45, 91 thereto 10 third party 27, 51, 67, 83 third party interest 79 third-degree burns 32 This brings me to my next point 17 threat 136 threat of possible damage 75 tightly regulated 89 time zone 115 time-consuming 12, 129 title 73, 79 title interest in the land 73 title interest in the property 73, 160 title search 133 title to a property 73 to be honest, ... 137 to date 64 tool 30 tort 28 tort law 8, 28 tortfeasor 29 tortious conduct 29 trade agreement 60, 61 trade union 97, 98, 99, 136 trademark 61 trading in securities 43 trainee solicitor 13 transaction 13, 84, 125 transcript 34 transfer 75 transfer a title 72, 73 transfer of a company's registered office 97 transfer of real property 79 transfer of title in land 72 transfer rights under a contract 19 transfer tax 113 transfer the leased real property 75 transfer the use of the real property 75 treat 50 treaties and conventions 61 treaty 94 treaty article 98 tremendous 127 trespass 29, 73 trial 83 trunk 38 trust-like entity 113 try 41 try a case 31 two days’ worth of coffee revenues 126 U ultra-hazardous activities 10 unavoidable 88 uncover 127, 133 under development 133 under the age (of) 95 under the procedure set by Ukrainian law 75 under the terms of the internship 65 undercut local wages 136 undergraduate 16, 33 unemployment tax 129 unfair business practices 29 unfair competition 29 unfair dismissal 91 unification 106 Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) 10, 60, 106 uniform law 106 Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods 107 unincorporated software 101 unintended 138 unintended message 138 unite one's authority 95 United Nation Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) 61 United Nations 95 United States Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit 101 United States patent law 101 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 95 unmanageable suit 116 unpaid lien 133 unspecified and uncertain duration 74 uphold 44 uphold a clause 132 urge 101 US Supreme Court 100, 102 utilize 113 utilize the assets 113 V v., vs. 28, 30, 31, 32, 38 valid contract 18 valid for an indefinite period 68 value 78 vandalism 39 vary widely from one jurisdiction to another 100 verdict 39, 40 verify 128 vicarious liability 10 victim 29, 43, 45 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) 94 view the property 134 views and preferences 98 vigilant 128 violate 74 violate international agreements 94 violation 75 violation of law 39 violation of the agreement 75 violent crime 42, 127 voice-compression software 100 void 115 void the gift 115 volume of business 69 voluntary dental insurance coverage 125 W wage dumping 99, 136 wallet 45 warn 91 warning 126 warranty 23 Washington convention 1965 134 WaSP (Web Standards Project) 48 WASP (Welcome the client, Acquire information, Supply information and advice, Part) 35 WASP criteria 103, 116 welfare-state model 97 well-publicised 43 Western Law 106 what is commonly known (as) 94 where (the contract has been agreed for a fixed period) 68 whereas 29 white collar crimes 39, 42 wilful 30, 90 will 73 windfall 118 winding-up 52 with particular force 100 with regard (to) 136 with respect to 10 with that in mind 124 withdrawal 127 withhold 74 withhold rent 74 within the boundaries of a state 96 without the landlord's prior consent 75 without the need (for) 98 witness 10, 127 World Health Organisation 95 World Intellectual Property Organisation 95 World Trade Organisation 60, 61, 95 written instrument 73 written notice 74 wrong 29 wrongdoer 29, 41 wrongful act 28 wrongful death 28 Y year-end audit 120 year-end bonus 124
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