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| Задание 4 Определите, является ли утверждение
To keep a dream journal by your bedside is a good idea. а) ложным b) истинным с) в тексте нет информации Задание 5 Определите является ли утверждение Our dreams reflect our past experiences and present emotions. а) ложным b) истинным с) в тексте нет информации Прочитайте текст 3 и выполните задания. The Scope of Psychology The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means “soul” and logos,» the study of”. These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and the mind. This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation. Second is that psychologist’s study behaviour, which refers to any action or reaction that can be measured or observed – such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob. Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from observable behaviour. With its broad scope, psychology investigates an enormous range of phenomena: learning and memory, sensation and perception, motivation and emotion, thinking and language, personality and social behavior, intelligence, infancy and child development, mental illness and much more. Furthermore, psychologists examine these topics from a variety of complementary perspectives. Some conduct detailed biological studies of the brain, others explore how we process information, others analyze the role of evolution, and still others study influence of culture and society. Psychologists seek to answer a wide range of important questions about human nature: Are individuals genetically predisposed at birth to develop certain traits or abilities? How accurate are people at remembering faces, places, or conversations from the past? What motivates us to seek out friends and sexual partners? Why do so many people become depressed and behave in ways that seem self-destructive? Do intelligence test scores predict success in school, or later in a career? What causes prejudice, and why is it so widespread? Can the mind be used to heal the body? Discoveries from psychology can help people understand themselves, relate better to others, and solve the problems that confront them. Psychology overlaps with other sciences that investigate behavior and mental processes. Certain parts of the field share much with the biological sciences, especially physiology, the biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. Like physiologists, many psychologists study the inner workings of the body from a biological perspective. However, psychologists usually focus on the activity of the brain and nervous system. The social sciences of sociology and anthropology, which study human societies and cultures, also intersect with psychology. For example, both psychology and sociology explore how people behave when they are in groups. However, psychologists try to understand behavior from the vantage point of the individual, whereas sociologists focus on how behavior is shaped by social forces and social institutions. Anthropologists investigate behavior as well, paying particular attention to the similarities and differences between human cultures around the world. Psychology is closely connected with psychiatry , which is the branch of medicine specializing in mental illnesses. The study of mental illness is one of the largest areas of research in psychology. Psychiatrists and psychologists differ in their training. A person seeking to become a psychiatrist first obtains a medical degree and then engaged in further formal medical education in psychiatry. Most psychologists have a doctoral graduate degree in psychology. Задание 1 Заполните пропуски: Psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious … . a) mental states b) behavior c) nervous system Задание 2 Заполните пропуски: Psychologists usually focus on the activity of … . a) biological sciences b) social behavior c) the brain and nervous system Задание 3 Заполните пропуски: Psychology is closely connected with …………. , which is the branch of medicine specializing in mental illnesses a) neuroscience b) psychology c) psychiatry |
