 ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЕ Сила воли ведет к действию, а позитивные действия формируют позитивное отношение Как определить диапазон голоса - ваш вокал Игровые автоматы с быстрым выводом Как самому избавиться от обидчивости Противоречивые взгляды на качества, присущие мужчинам Вкуснейший "Салат из свеклы с чесноком" Натюрморт и его изобразительные возможности Применение, как принимать мумие? Мумие для волос, лица, при переломах, при кровотечении и т.д. Как научиться брать на себя ответственность Зачем нужны границы в отношениях с детьми? Световозвращающие элементы на детской одежде Как победить свой возраст? Восемь уникальных способов, которые помогут достичь долголетия Классификация ожирения по ИМТ (ВОЗ) Глава 3. Завет мужчины с женщиной
Оси и плоскости тела человека - Тело человека состоит из определенных топографических частей и участков, в которых расположены органы, мышцы, сосуды, нервы и т.д.
| Topic Seven: Meals and Food
Dictation 17 Meals in Britain A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal – sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms.... But nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade or honey. Marmalade and jam are not the same! Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. The usual drink is juice. But some prefer coffee, often instant, which is made with just hot water. Many visitors to Britain find it disgusting! For a great number of people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of bars, where office workers can choose the kind of bread they want – rye, white, or a roll – and then all sorts of salad to go in a sandwich. Pubs often serve good, cheap food, both hot and cold. School children can have a meal at school, but many just take a snack from home – a chocolate bar, some fruit and crisps. People have afternoon tea with sandwiches, cakes, and, of course, a cup of tea. They may also have scones with cream. The evening meal is the main one of the day for the British. They, as a rule, have it quite early, between 6.00 and 8.00 p.m., and often families eat together. They have roast beef, lamb, chicken, or pork with potatoes, vegetables and gravy which is a sauce made from meat juices. Britons like food from other countries too, especially Italian, French, Chinese, Taiwanese and Indian. People regularly get take-away meals – you buy food at a restaurant and then bring it home. So you can see that eating in Britain is really international! Dictation 18 The Peculiarities of Russian Cooking. In Russia cooking is characterized by its wide assortment of ingredients and preparation process. A Russian stove was constructed to allow a dish to be stewed, baked, poached or boiled. It also defined specific ways of cooking geese, duck and chicken. At the same time meat and fowl are also roasted on a grill over an open flame. Porridge cooked in a stove acquires a specific taste. That is why nowadays many dishes made with grain and semolina are prepared not on stove tops, but rather in ovens. Buckwheat served in this way is especially tasty when accompanied by milk. Russian cooking has borrowed ingredients from other nations. The Greek settlements on the Black Sea coast, for example, contributed the secret of dough made with yeast, while trade with Italy enriched Russian cuisine with spices, herbs and rice. Tea and dumplings came from Asia. Peppers, aubergines and zucchini were delivered from Bulgaria. Russia's western neighbours also influenced the style of cooking introducing appliances such as pots, pans and slotted spoons. Thanks to them, the list of dishes prepared on frying pans was substantially extended to include beefsteaks, roast mutton and the like. French cuisine came to Russia in the nineteenth century. It was most noticeable in restaurant cooking, as professional chefs brought from France recipes for sauces and delicate dishes made with poultry, fish and vegetables. Since ancient times, the traditional order of serving has remained unchanged: first – appetizers, second – soup, third – the main course, accompanied by gravy and lastly follows dessert – pastries and sweets.
Dictation 19 The Wilsons' Party Mr and Mrs Wilson invited all their friends to a party last night. They stayed at home all day yesterday and prepared for the occasion. In the morning the Wilsons worked outside. Their daughter, Margaret, cleaned the yard with a broom. Their son, Bob, cut the grass with the help of the lawnmower. Mrs Wilson planted flowers such as lilies, asters, tulips, etc. in the garden, and Mr Wilson fixed their broken banisters using various tools. In the afternoon the Wilsons worked inside the house. Margaret washed the floors with a mop and hoovered the Persian beige carpet with the vacuum cleaner. Bob dusted the antique furniture and cleaned the window panes. Mr and Mrs Wilson stayed in the kitchen all afternoon. He cooked roast chicken with sauce and rice for dinner, and she baked cream cakes and scones for dessert. The Wilsons finished all their work at six o'clock sharp. Their house looked wonderful! The Wilsons' guests arrived at about seven thirty and were immediately shown into the living room. For the starter they ate Swiss cheese with Dutch biscuits, drank sweet Portuguese wine, and talked about their children, weather and the Wilsons' house. Dinner was served in the dinning room. Everybody enjoyed the meal very much. They liked the delicious chicken and cream cakes. In fact everybody asked for seconds. After dinner all of them went to the drawing room. First, Bob Wilson played the grand piano and his sister, Margaret, sang some folk songs. Then Mr and Mrs Wilson showed the photos of their trip to Lisbon. Later they turned on the stereo and danced. As you see, the guests enjoyed the party greatly. In fact, nobody wanted to go home.
Dictation 20* American Food In the USA people have a wider choice of foods than consumers in any other country. Meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, nuts are available during any season of the year. Frequently, the problem for a person is not the lack of brands, but rather the bewildering assortment from which one must choose. In addition, people can buy foods that are fresh, frozen, canned and cooked. Currently, all stores have an array of stuff especially prepared to be heated in a microwave oven which has changed the preparation of meals. It, along with the supermarket, where you can buy almost anything, makes the process of cooking the most time-efficient in the world. A family can experience only one trip a week to a hypermarket to purchase food for an entire week. Americans already have access to computer-based shopping enabling them to make their buying decisions at home and picking up the needed things at the shop or having them delivered to their homes, so no efforts are actually required. Since the nineteen fifties fast-food and take-out restaurants have had a phenomenal spread, first in the US, and more recently throughout the world. The chains like McDonalds, Burger King and Wendy's which offer sandwiches, hamburgers, French-fried potatoes, hot dogs, pizzas, pancakes and grilled chicken, have been joined by those with Mexican, Chinese and other ethnic meals. The prices in such places are relatively cheaper than if one were to prepare similar food in the kitchen. Consequently, families may often go out for convenience and economy. The latest development in the American food industry has been the demand for healthier things. It has made a variety of low-fat dairy and meat products. The second demand is for foods grown and produced free of fertilizers and pesticides. This has led to the boosting of an "organic food" industry. Of course, the cost of it is substantially higher than for nonorganic food. But still the market for the first is expanding, though it remains debatable!
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