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The meaning of non-verbal means to achieve effective communication. Their classification

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The effectiveness of communication depends on the ability of man to use non-verbal means, ie means without using the language (English. Non-verbal - without words, nonverbal). They have regulatory and indicativemeaning. These means were seriously studied in the early 60 th of the XX century. They were described in D. Fast’s work "Body language" (1970). It was a generalization of scientists behaviorists.

Non-verbal communication is different from verbal communication because it is situational, synthetic, spontaneous, and mostly unconscious. It has a special way of mastering: observation, copy, imitation. Non-verbal means serve as the additions, denial, replacement and regulation.

Some scientists have concluded that human communication to 55-65% is nonverbal. According to Albert Merabyan, only 7% of communication is verbal (words and phrases), 38% - vocal (intonation, tone of voice and other sounds), and most information is transmitted nonverbally. Domestic scholars Vasheka T. and I. Hichan have found that the average person speaks 10-15 min a day; in conversation verbal communication takes less than 35%, more than 65% of the information is transmitted non-verbal means of communication.

In cases when information transmitted by words, does not correspond to what gestures and facial expressions say, you should trust nonverbal means of communication because gestures and postures are unconscious.

For a businessman it is important on the one hand, to be able to control his movements and facial expressions, and on the other - to understand the language of gestures and facial expressions of the interlocutor. No wonder the curriculum of business schools of large universities includes the course of nonverbal communication, and leading Western politicians and businessmen have good non-verbal methods of business interaction.

Different people react differently to non-verbal cues - everything depends on the sensitivity of the person and of her ability to decipher the information transmitted by these signals. The researchers claim that women are more able to accept the means of nonverbal communication, as they are more sensitive than men. Besides, every woman is endowed with maternal syndrome, based on - nonverbal communication of the mother with a child in the first months of life. This particular women's ability manifested in those involved in bringing up children (understanding of nonverbal signals of children). So women can more successfully conduct responsible negotiations than men.

In the interpretation of non-verbal communication it is necessary to pay attention to the national traditions of interlocutors, as they may have different meanings or shades of meaning among the representatives of different nations. For example, almost all Europeans, shaking their heads down, pass agreement, Bulgarians - disagreement, the Japanese confirm that they carefully listen to the interlocutor. Non-verbal communication is carried out through different sensory systems: vision, hearing, smell, tactile sensations. Non-verbal means of communication can be divided into several kinds according to these criterions. All non-verbal means of communication can be described in several systems. It:

• optical-kinetic system - gestures, facial expressions, pantomime, body movements (kinesics);

• paralinguistic system - vocalization, range and tone of voice;

• extra-system - pace, pause, crying, laughing, coughing etc.

• Proxemics - a system of space and time;

• eye contact - visual communication.

Non-verbal signals can be inherited or acquired, transmitted genetically or reared in the appropriate cultural environment. Innate non-verbal signals are innate ability of the baby to suck; cross his arms, putting the right hand or the left on the top; smile; nodding his head from side to side as a sign of agreement or disagreement; shaking shoulders as a sign of ignorance or misunderstanding something. Most of our nonverbal behavior is acquired. Meaning of many gestures and movements are caused by cultural environment in which we live.

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