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| One-member sentences in English and Ukrainian 12
Unlike two-member sentences, which have a larger quantitative representation of paradigmatic/structural types in English, one-member sentences, on the contrary, have a largernumber of paradigmatic classes in Ukrainian. This is due to the morphological nature of Ukrainian as a mainly synthetic structure language. Nevertheless, there exist common types of one-member sentences in both contrasted languages. The latter, naturally, are not devoid of some divergent features in English or Ukrainian either. Common in English and Ukrainian are the following paradigmatic types of one-member sentences: Nominal sentences.Being typologically isomorphic, this paradigmatic type of sentences, however, is characterised in English and Ukrainian both by some common or isomorphic or by some allomorphic/divergent features. Isomorphic common is the structural form of nominal sentences which can be either extended or expanded. The former consist of one or two nominal components which may be nouns or other parts of speech. Expanded nominal sentences consist of two or more nominal components connected by means of co-ordinate conjunctions. The components in extended English nominal sentences may be connected both syndetically (usually with the help of prepositions) or asyndetically, whereas in Ukrainian the synthetic and analytic-synthetic connection prevails. The surface structures of nominal sentences in English and Ukrainian are common, however. Many nominal sentences have structurally complicated prepositional models in both contrasted languages, eg: dNprepdNprepN: The garden of a villa in Granada. INprepIN: Another room in the same home. dQANQcjQprepdNN: The two adjoining rooms 109 and 110 in the Hotel Florida.ANprepdNVinf prepN: Nice time for a rector to come down for breakfast. (B. Shaw) These and other sentences of the type have their structural equivalents in Ukrainian: Сад коло вілли в Гранаді. Інша кімната в тому самому домі. Два суміжних номери 109 і 110 у готелі "Флорида". Слушний час для священика зійти на сніданок. Since English and Ukrainian are structurally different language types, there is generally no identity in the grammatical means of connection of the same component parts in the same nominal sentences. It can be observed in the deep structure of several common nominal sentences of the contrasted languages. Thus, in English the component parts are mostly connected with the help of analytical means, whereas in the same Ukrainian nominal sentences synthetic or analytic-synthetic means are used. For example, analytical asyndetic connection: The Undershaft torpedo! The Undershaft submarine! (B. Shaw). In sentences like The garden of villa in Granada or Another burst of applause. (B. Shaw) the analytical syndetic connection is employed in English. These same components in their Ukrainian equivalent sentences are connected in the synthetic way, i. e. with the help of the inflexion. Cf. Торпеди Андершафта! Субмарини Андершафта! Ще один вибух аплодисментів. Other types of one-member sentencesin English and Ukrainian may have both common and divergent features. The latter usually pertain to the structural form of sentences as well as to the means of grammatical connection of their component parts. These one-member sentences are as follows: A. Imperative (or inducive) sentencescontaining a verb and having a V or VP pattern structures:Keep aside, keep aside! Pass on, pass on! (M. R. Anand) Open the door! (Ibid.) He підходь, не підходь! Проходьте, проходьте! Відчиніть двері! Note.Imperative sentences in English and Ukrainian may sometimes be two-membered, eg: Don't you do that again! Don't anybody switch the light! Mary and Pete, open the windows! He робіть ви більше цього! Ніхто не вмикайте світла! Маріє і Петре, відчиніть вікна! B. Exclamatory sentencesmay structurally often coincide in En glish and Ukrainian with nominal and infinitival sentences, eg: Thieves! Fire! How funny! To think of it! Damn your money! (Maugham)Злодії! Вогонь! Як гарно! Подумати тільки! К бісу твої гроші! C. Infinitival sentencesin both contrasted languages have practical ly identical structural forms. They may be unextended or extended. Eg: To be or not to be? (Shakespeare) To be alive! To have youth and the world before one! (Dreiser) Бути чи не бути? Бути живим! Бути молодим і мати весь світ попереду. Матір ні купити, ні заслу жити. (Saying). Other allomorphic features observed in the types of one-member sentences have a larger representation in Ukrainian than in English. Thus, among these Ukrainian types are the following not pertained to the English syntactic system:
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