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DIAMOND MINING INDUSTRY OF MIRNY REGION

ALROSA

I. Read and translate the following text:

Udachnaya mine

Udachny is a small town in the north of Mirny region. The Udachnaya mine is an open-pit mine. Udachnaya was discovered on June 15, 1955, just two days after the discovery of the diamond pipe Mir by Soviet geologist Vladimir Shchukin and his team. It is more than 600 meters deep making it the third deepest open-pit mine in the world. The deposit consists of two main bodies which are both diamondiferous. The Udachnaya mine produces an ample quantity of large diamonds. The construction of the Udachnaya Underground mine started in 2004. Underground mining will replace the surface mining operations completely and in 2016 will come up to its’ full design productivity.

Anabar Mine

Anabar Diamond Mine is located at placer deposits along the Byllyakh and Anabar rivers. Anabar is a placer mine operated during the short northern summer season because of harsh weather conditions. There are no year-round roads in the region so supplies and materials are delivered by winter road during the winter. In 2009 the mine produced USD 150 million worth of rough diamonds. The mine efficiently uses new mine vehicles and new techniques of gravel processing.

Aikhal Mine

Aikhal is a mining township in the north of Mirny region. The Aikhal Diamond Field was discovered on January 22, 1960. Currently this Mining Division includes the following major subdivisions: the Komsomolskaya and Yubileinaya open-pit mines, the Aikhal underground mine.

The Aikhal Pipe is located in northwest Yakutia, 450 kilometers north of Mirny in the permafrost zone. In 1960-61, the Aikhal pipe was explored to a depth of 400 meters. In recent years, supplementary exploration of the field was conducted to a depth of 900 meters. Today the major portion of diamond output of the Aikhal Mining Division comes from the largest open-pit mine of ALROSA – the Yubileynaya mine.

Yubileinaya Mine

The Yubileinaya mine started operations in 1986. According to the first design plans, the open-pit mine in its central and western parts should have reached depths of up to 500 meters, and in its eastern part up to 400 meters. The proven reserves of the open-pit mine (Phase 1) were estimated to last for 27 years. Recently a reconstruction program has been approved and open-pit mining operations at the pipe will continue to a depth of 700 meters.Началоформы

Конецформы

II. Read and translate the text. Put the abstracts of the text in the right order:

ALROSA

In February 1987 the USSR Ministry of Non-Ferrous Metals reorganized Yakutalmaz Group of production enterprises into Yakutalmaz Research and Production Association.
The history of ALROSA started in January 1957 as Yakutalmaz Group of enterprises. The Soviet diamond mining industry developed on the basis of the Mir open-pit mine and adjacent diamond placers. In those years its main open-pit mines, processing plants and related energy generating facilities were commissioned.
The history of diamond mining in Yakutia dates back to 1954, when prospectors discovered the first diamond pipe, Zarnitsa (‘Summer Lightning’). In 1957 the Soviet government established Yakutalmaz Group of enterprises, and diamond mining operations commenced. Two years later the USSR sold the first parcel of Yakutian diamonds on the world market. In 1963 the USSR entered into its first contracts with De Beers to sell some of its diamond production through its selling organization. Now ALROSA independently distributes its rough diamond production on the world market.
Nowadays, ALROSA is the only diamond mining company which incorporates all the stages of diamond mining and beneficiation. In 2010 and 2011 it accounted for nearly one third of the global rough diamond production by volume, outperforming legendary De Beers. ALROSA is among the top ten of Russia’s most efficient enterprises. The main operations of the company create 31,026 jobs.
During 1978–1992 Processing Plant No. 12 was commissioned and diamond mines in Aikhal and Udachny developed rapidly.
In 1967–1978, the flagships of the diamond mining industry were Processing Plant No. 3 and the Mir open-pit mine.
The subsequent reorganization of Yakutalmaz and a number of stately-owned enterprises into a single joint stock company ALROSA took place in 1992. ALROSA changed its legal entity form to public corporation.

III. Match Russian and English equivalents:

diamond placer	организационно-правовая форма
rough diamond output	начинать работу производства
top ten enterprises	производство алмазного сырья
operations	побеждать
enterprise	десятка лучших предприятий
joint stock company	предприятие
to outperform	производство
legal entity form	акционерное общество
to commission	вводить в эксплуатацию
to commence operations	алмазный прииск

IV. Open the brackets using Present and Past Indefinite:

1. In 1957 the Soviet government (to establish) Yakutalmaz Group of enterprises.

2. Geologists (to discover) the first diamond deposit in1954.

3. Severalmaz diamond mining subsidiary (to operate) in Arkhangelsk Region.

4. “Brillianty ALROSA” (to be) the cutting and polishing center and (to be located) in Moscow.

5. The company (to sell) diamonds worth $3.5 billion next year.

6. The new processing plant (to start) operations next month.

7. Exploration expeditions (to be) responsible for the company’s recourses and reserves.

8. The Soviet government (to enter) the sales agreement with De Beers.

9. In the regions of Western Yakutia ALROSA (to create) more than 31,000 jobs.