ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

Оси и плоскости тела человека - Тело человека состоит из определенных топографических частей и участков, в которых расположены органы, мышцы, сосуды, нервы и т.д.

Отёска стен и прирубка косяков - Когда на доме не достаёт окон и дверей, красивое высокое крыльцо ещё только в воображении, приходится подниматься с улицы в дом по трапу.

Дифференциальные уравнения второго порядка (модель рынка с прогнозируемыми ценами) - В простых моделях рынка спрос и предложение обычно полагают зависящими только от текущей цены на товар.

по практикуму иностранного языка (английский) в сфере профессиональной коммуникации.

Вариант 4

Задание № 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The resources that go into the creation of goods and services are called the factors of production.

2. The price helps us to determine when and where factories will be built.

3. The government has undertaken a number of programs to increase its income.

4. In 1985, government was buying goods and services which cost $815 billion or 20 per cent of GNP.

Задание №2.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям

1. During the talks the Managing Director said that he expected the representatives of the company to accept his conditions.

2. The secretary was considered to prepare all the materials for the talks in time.

3. We heard the members of the delegations discuss the terms of delivery.

4. The managers of the company are said to be ready to sign the contract.

Задание №3.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык условные предложения. Определите тип условных предложений.

1. If the customers really want green and white shoes they will get them.

2. If the price decrease led to the decrease in total revenue, the demand for the item would become inelastic.

3. If demand had decreased, the demand curve would have shifted to the left.

Задание №4. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык

Consumption

Consumption is a common concept in economics, and gives rise to derived concepts such as consumer debt. Generally, consumption is defined in part by comparison to production. But the precise definition can vary because different schools of economists define production quite differently. According to mainstream economists, only the final purchase of goods and services by individuals constitutes consumption, while other types of expenditure — in particular, fixed investment, intermediate consumption and government spending — are placed in separate categories.

Other economists define consumption much more broadly, as the aggregate of all economic activity that does not entail the design, production and marketing of goods and services (e.g. the selection, adoption, use, disposal and recycling of goods and services.

Likewise, consumption can be measured by a variety of different ways such as energy in energy economics metrics. The total consumer spending in an economy is generally calculated using the consumption function, a metric devised by John Maynard Keynes, which simply expresses consumption as a function of the aggregate disposable income. This metric essentially defines consumption as the part of disposable income that does not go into saving. But disposable income in turn can be defined in a number of ways - e.g. to include borrowed funds or expenditures from savings. Consumption also decreases demand.

Задание №5. Прочитайте последний абзац и вопрос к нему. Найдите в тексте ответ, выпишите и переведите его.

How does consumption influence demand?

a) Consumption decreases demand.

b) Consumption increases demand.

c) Consumption has no influence on demand.

Контрольная работа

По практикуму иностранного языка (английский) в сфере профессиональной коммуникации.

Вариант 5

1. The goods are produced in accordance with the directives of planners. You will learn more about the price system in our discussion of the laws of demand and supply.

2. Experience has shown that the government is doing much to stabilize the economy.

3. In this chapter we described the institutions of free enterprise-private property, the price system and competition.

1. The secretary heard the chairman make an appointment for the next meeting.

2. Mr. Huxley is considered to be an experiences economist.

3. The chairman wanted the delegates to discuss the prices and terms of delivery.

4. If prices are expected to decline in the future, the producers may reduce production.

1. If its costs sellers less to produce their goods, they will be able to offer more of them for sale than before.

2. If she did not work hard enough she would not be able to study at that university.

3. If he had saved more money he would have bought a larger busines

Задание №4.Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык

Goods and services

In economics, economic output is divided into physical goods and intangible services. Consumption of goods and services is assumed to produce utility. It is often used when referring to a Goods and Services Tax.

We satisfy our needs and wants by buying goods and services. Goods are items you can see and touch, such as a book, a pen, salt, shoes, hats, a folder etc. Services are provided for you by other people, such as; a doctor, a lawn mower worker, a dentist, haircut and eating in restaurants.

The dichotomy between physical goods and intangible services should not be given too much credence; these are not discrete categories. Most business theorists see a continuum with pure service on one terminal point and pure commodity good on the other terminal point. Most products fall between these two extremes. For example, a restaurant provides a physical good (prepared food), but also provides services in the form of ambiance, the setting and clearing of the table, etc. And although some utilities actually deliver physical goods & services; like water utilities which actually deliver water — utilities are usually treated as services.

In business, people sometimes talk about the marketing of products and services. Marketers must draw on the same set of principles and skills to market all products, whether they are apples, oranges or haircuts. Like economists, marketers too view goods and services as two ends of a continuum.

Задание №5. Прочитайте второй абзац и вопрос к нему. Найдите в тексте ответ, выпишите и переведите его.

Прочитайте последний абзац и вопрос к нему. Найдите в тексте ответ, выпишите и переведите его.

Why do we buy goods and services?

5. We buy goods and services to satisfy our needs and wants.

6. We buy goods and services to help producers to get their profits.

7. We buy goods and services to develop economy of our country.