ПРАКТИЧНА РОЗРОБКА ФРАГМЕНТУ УРОКУ З НАВЧАННЯ АУДІЮВАННЯ (на матеріалі тексту «Springfield») Pre-Listening Stage: Film industry plays an important role in the cultural life of any person. There are many types of films: docunovels, science fiction films, screenplays, comedies, thrillers, art movie and, of course, animated cartoon films. The animated films or how they’re just called “cartoons” will be the matter of our story. 1. Answer the following questions: 1. What is your favorite cartoon? 2. Have you any favorite characters? 3. Do you prefer modern American cartoons or Soviet ones? 4. Do you like more movies or cartoons? 5. How often you visit cinema to watch newly-released cartoon blockbuster? 6. Had you any feature figures in your childhood? 7. Do you prefer more cartoon films or cartoon TV series? Today we shall talk about one of the famous TV cartoon series “The Simpsons”. 2. Find the synonyms to the following words: Supporters \ admirers ___________________________________________ Fat __________________________________________________________ Clever \ inventive _______________________________________________ Harm \ damage \ injure __________________________________________ Expelled \ dismissed ____________________________________________ Participate ____________________________________________________ While-Listening Stage: Springfield 1. Listen to the text and define the sex of the speaker 2. Listen to the text and say why this cartoon is so popular around the world 3. Listen to the text and draw the characters you like the most 4. Listen to the text and name it (children don’t know the title) The Simpsons are a cartoon family who live in the fictional town of Springfield, USA. There are in fact Springfields in around 30 American states and the writers of the show say that they chose the name to represent a typical middle-American city. The show started back in 1989 and is the most successful and longest running animated series in the history of American television. So, who is this family so loved by Americans and indeed fans all over the world? Homer and Marge have three kids - Bart, the oldest child and only son, and Lisa and Maggie. Homer is not the most intelligent man in the city and is famously lazy and somewhat overweight. He likes nothing more than eating donuts and drinking his favourite brand of beer, Duff. He works, if you can call it that, as a safety inspector at the local nuclear power plant although he spends most of his time either asleep or looking to find some way of not working. His lack of intelligence mixed with some rather bad luck means that he often finds himself in trouble or difficult and dangerous situations. This is when you'll hear his most famous phrase, Doh!, which has even found a place in the Oxford English dictionary. He only has two hairs on his head because he pulled the rest out when he found that his wife was pregnant with Lisa. Bart is a ten year old pest, with no lack of ingenious ways to cause trouble. He is always in trouble at school, indeed the opening sequence of each episode shows him writing lines on the class blackboard as a punishment. The lines he writes gives you some indication as to what he's done, for example, I must not try to burn the school, or something similar. Bart is a huge fan of Krusty the Klown, a kids' TV personality who on screen is a happy clown but off it is a rather dark and depressed person. Bart's favourite cartoon is Itchy and Scratchy. This is similar to the cat and mouse cartoon Tom and Jerry, the difference being that these two manage to maim and mutilate each other in the most shocking and bloody ways. Bart's catchphrases include 'Aye Carumba', 'Eat my shorts' and 'I'm Bart Simpson… who are you?' Lisa Simpson, the second child, is just about as different as could be. She's smart, sensitive and extremely well-behaved. She sometimes even manages to persuade Bart to be good (for a while) and her father not to do something stupid (for a change). She's a great saxophone player, and the opening sequence shows her being thrown out of the school orchestra for being too good! The baby of the family is Maggie who crawls around and sucks her dummy but doesn't speak, although just the way she looks at her father can often tell you that even she thinks he's a bit of an idiot! The show is also famous for the guest appearances by various celebrities, ranging from American presidents to Hollywood stars, musicians and international politicians. It has become a bit of an indication as to your level of success if you have been invited to take part in the show! After-Listening Stage: Tasks: 1. Decide if the following statements are true or false: __1. The Simpsons are a real family who live in the real town of Springfield, Illinois, USA. __2. The show started back in 1989 and is the most successful and longest running animated series in the history of American television. __3. Homer and Marge have three kids – Bart, Lisa and Dorothy. __4. Homer is the most intelligent man in the city. __5. Homer like eating donuts and drinking “Duff”. __6. Homer has an overweight. __7. The workplace of Hommie is a tavern. __8. The phrase “Doh!” has even found a place in the Oxford English dictionary. __9. Bart is a twelve year old boy, with no lack of ingenious ways to cause trouble. __10. Lisa and Maggie are elder than Bart. 2. Put the words of the sentences in the order as they are in the text 1. Springfields There in are fact American in around states 30. ____________________________________________________________. 2. likes more than Duff donuts and He drinking his nothing brand of beer favourite, eating. __________________________________________________________. 3. intelligence His lack luck of mixed some rather with bad. ___________________________________________________________. 4. the second child, just Lisa about extremely as different. smart, is sensitive and Simpson, as could be She's well-behaved. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. international The show is famous for musicians the American by various celebrities, ranging also appearances from presidents to stars, guest and politicians Hollywood. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 6. Bart's include 'Aye Carumba', and 'I'm Bart who Simpson… catchphrases are 'Eat my shorts' you?' __________________________________________________________________________. 7. cartoon is Scratchy Bart's Itchy and favourite. ______________________________________. 3. Circle the appropriate answer: 1. Bart’s favorite cartoon is: a) Tom and Jerry; b) The lion king; c) Itchy and Scratchy; 2. Homer is a: a) haired; b) he has only two hairs; c) bald-headed; 3. Lisa is a very good … player: a) piano; b) guitar; c) saxophone; 4. Homer works at: a) supermarket; b) tank regiment; c) nuclear power plant; 5. There are around … cities in the US with the “Springfield” title: a) 30; b) 21; c) 4; 6. Except Bart Lisa has the other brother: a) Jimbo; b) Martin; c) Bart is the only one Lisa’s brother; 7. Every one of the family thinks Homer is not very intelligent: a) yes, except Marge; b) no one thinks so; c) statement is true; 8. The show invites: a) astronauts; b) metallurgists; c) celebrities, politicians, musicians and other famous people; 9. Lisa Simpson plays in: a) Opera House; b) Subway; c) School Orchestra; 10. The cartoon started back in: a) 1999; b) 1989; c) 1990. 4. Answer the following questions: 1. How many American states have a city named Springfield? 2. When was the show first broadcast? 3. What or who is Duff? 4. What does Homer do? 5. How did he become bald? 6. Who or what is Krusty? 7. How is Itchy and Scratchy different to Tom and Jerry? 8. Why doesn't Lisa play in the school orchestra? 5. Translate the following sentences: 1. Homer and Marge have three kids - Bart, the oldest child and only son, and Lisa and Maggie. 2. He works, if you can call it that, as a safety inspector at the local nuclear power plant although he spends most of his time either asleep or looking to find some way of not working 3. He only has two hairs on his head because he pulled the rest out when he found that his wife was pregnant with Lisa. 4. Bart is a huge fan of Krusty the Klown, a kids' TV personality who on screen is a happy clown but off it is a rather dark and depressed person. 5. Lisa is a great saxophone player, and the opening sequence shows her being thrown out of the school orchestra for being too good! 6. Listen to the sentences and repeat them after the speaker: 1. Lisa Simpson, the second child, is just about as different as could be. 2. She's smart, sensitive and extremely well-behaved. 3. The baby of the family is Maggie who crawls around and sucks her dummy but doesn't speak. 4. The show is also famous for the guest appearances by various celebrities, ranging from American presidents to Hollywood stars, musicians and international politicians. 5. It has become a bit of an indication as to your level of success if you have been invited to take part in the show! 6. Homer and Marge have three kids - Bart, the oldest child and only son, and Lisa and Maggie. 7. Homer is not the most intelligent man in the city and is famously lazy and somewhat overweight. 8. His lack of intelligence mixed with some rather bad luck means that he often finds himself in trouble or difficult and dangerous situations. 9. This is when you'll hear his most famous phrase, Doh!, which has even found a place in the Oxford English dictionary. 10. He only has two hairs on his head because he pulled the rest out when he found that his wife was pregnant with Lisa. 7. Listen to the text once more and complete the gaps: The Simpsons are a cartoon family who live in the ________ town of Springfield, USA. There are in fact Springfields in around ____ American states and the writers of the show say that they chose the name to represent a typical middle-American city. The show started back in 1989 and is the most successful and longest ________ animated series in the history of American television. So, who is this family so loved by Americans and ________ fans all over the world? Homer and Marge have three kids - Bart, the oldest child and only son, and Lisa and Maggie. Homer is not the most intelligent man in the city and is famously ______ and somewhat overweight. He likes nothing more than eating donuts and drinking his favourite ________ of beer, Duff. He works, if you can call it that, as a ________ inspector at the local nuclear power plant although he spends most of his time either ________ or looking to find some way of not working. His lack of intelligence mixed with some rather bad luck means that he often finds himself in ________ or difficult and dangerous situations. This is when you'll hear his most famous phrase, Doh!, which has even found a place in the Oxford English dictionary. He only has two hairs on his head because he ________ the rest out when he found that his wife was pregnant with Lisa. Bart is a ten year old pest, with no lack of ________ ways to cause trouble. He is always in trouble at school, indeed the opening sequence of each episode shows him writing lines on the class ________ as a punishment. The lines he writes gives you some indication as to what he's done, for example, I must not try to burn the school, or something similar. Bart is a huge fan of Krusty the Clown, a kids' TV personality who on screen is a happy clown but off it is a rather dark and ________ person. Bart's favourite cartoon is Itchy and Scratchy. This is similar to the cat and mouse cartoon Tom and Jerry, the difference being that these two manage to maim and mutilate each other in the most shocking and ________ ways. Bart's catchphrases include 'Aye Carumba', 'Eat my shorts' and 'I'm Bart Simpson … who are you?' Lisa Simpson, the second child, is just about as different as could be. She's smart, ________ and extremely well-behaved. She sometimes even manages to persuade Bart to be good (for a while) and her father not to do something stupid (for a change). She's a great saxophone player, and the opening sequence shows her being thrown out of the school orchestra for being too good! The baby of the family is Maggie who crawls around and sucks her ________ but doesn't speak, although just the way she looks at her father can often tell you that even she thinks he's a bit of an ________! The show is also famous for the guest appearances by various ________, ranging from American presidents to Hollywood stars, musicians and international ________. It has become a bit of an indication as to your level of ________ if you have been invited to take part in the show! 8. Listen to the beginning of the story and predict what this story is about: The Simpsons are a cartoon family who live in the fictional town of Springfield, USA. There are in fact Springfields in around 30 American states and the writers of the show say that they chose the name to represent a typical middle-American city. The show started back in 1989 and is the most successful and longest running animated series in the history of American television. So, who is this family so loved by Americans and indeed fans all over the world?... 9. Discuss the following questions with your neighbour: 1. Do you like Homer’s actions in each episode? Would you like to have such a father? 2. Is Marge an example of kind and careful mother? 3. Have you any brother or sister? Have they any similar features of Bart, Lisa or maybe Maggie? 4. Are you agree that the Ukrainian dubbed translation is better than the Russian one or even the original soundtrack? 5. Who is your favourite character? 6. Did you see all the seasons of “The Simpsons”? 7. Are there some rules in American school that we have in Ukraine? 8. Would you like to be some of the main characters? 9. What is your favorite episode and what was the most interesting in it that you have mentioned it? 10. Have you any production with the image of Simpsons? 10. Make a plan to the text. Divide it into meaningful parts and entitle them 11. Retell the text 12. Look at the pictures and say to what part of the text they refer:  Висновки до розділу 1. Аудіюванню навчають за допомогою систем вправ. 2. Вправи у свою чергу поділяються на дві підсистеми: підготовчі (мовні) та мовленнєві, які в свою чергу розділяються на групи, включаючи відповідні типи та види вправ. 3. До системи вправ для навчання аудіювання входять дві підсистеми: 1) вправи для формування мовленнєвих навичок аудіювання; 2) вправи для розвитку вміння аудіювання. Виконуючи вправи першої підсистеми, учні оволодівають фонетичними, лексичними та граматичними навичками аудіювання. Вправи другої підсистеми сприяють оволодінню учнями вміннями аудіювання, тобто передбачати зміст, виділяти головне, знаходити другорядні деталі, встановлювати причинно-наслідкові зв’язки, зосереджувати увагу на діях і характеристиках персонажів, простежувати логічну послідовність подій і дотримуватись її при передачі змісту. 4. Критерієм сформованості базових умінь аудіювання є здатність повно і точно розуміти короткий текст (у відповідності до вимог програми) з новим змістом у доступній мовній формі при нормальному природному темпі звучання. Основним шляхом такого формування вмінь аудіювання є постійне, регулярне та цілеспрямоване тренування усіх компонентів цієї діяльності за рахунок виконання великої кількості вправ. ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ Нашу курсову роботу присвячено дослідженню навчання аудіювання у старших класах середньої школи. Виявлено, що аудіювання – це процес сприйняття мовлення на слух, мовленнєво-мисленнєва діяльність, яка будується на установці, що сформувалася в ході індивідуального розвитку людини у певному соціальному контексті. Будучи тісно пов’язаним з такими видами мовленнєвої діяльності як, говоріння, читання та письмо, аудіювання відіграє важливу роль особливо при комунікативно спрямованому навчанні. Без володіння аудіюванням неможливе спілкування іноземною мовою. При навчанні аудіювання педагог має розв’язувати такі завдання: навчити сприймати і розуміти на слух одиниці мовлення (фонеми, словосполучення, мікротексти та сформувати аудитивні навички та вміння). Формувати механізми аудіювання необхідно поступово збільшуючи мовленнєві одиниці сприймання – від фонеми до слова, від слова до словосполучення, від словосполучення до фрази (речення). Для ефективного навчання аудіювання необхідна чітка послідовність його реалізації: підбір матеріалу, форма подачі, опори, що полегшують процес сприймання, кількість пред'явлень матеріалу, форми контролю. Аудіювання сприяє узагальненню досвіду і накопиченню того, що є загально визнаним та осмисленим, та вибирає інформацію з акустично сприйнятого тексту, класифікує її, ієрархічно упорядковує та накопичує, сприймає та оцінює суттєву інформацію. Оволодіння аудіюванням як видом мовленнєвої діяльності дає можливість реалізувати виховні, освітні і розвиваючі цілі, що позитивно відбивається на розвитку пам'яті дитини. Аудіювання полегшує оволодіння говорінням, аудіюванням і письмом, а отже відіграє велику роль на початковому ступені у досягненні практичних, розвиваючих, освітніх і виховних цілей. У процесі оволодіння аудіюванням учні зустрічаються із труднощами лінгвістичного характеру: фонетичними, лексичними, граматичними, а також з труднощами, пов'язаними із самим текстом. Успішність подолання цих труднощів залежить від уміння слухача користуватися механізмом ймовірного прогнозування та переносити аудитивні навички та вміння рідної мови на іноземну. Значну роль в цьому відіграють такі індивідуальні особливості учнів як «фонові» знання, кмітливість, уміння слухати та швидко реагувати на сигнали усної мовленнєвої комунікації, та вміння переключатися із однієї розумової операції на іншу, швидко розуміти тему повідомлення. До факторів, які полегшують аудіювання відносять ритміку, паузацію, мелодику, використання позамовних засобів та опор. Навчання окремих дій, які є складовими компонентами аудіювання розглядаються як проміжні цілі, досягнення яких відбувається поетапно. На кожному етапі формуються механізми аудіювання мовленнєвих одиниць різних рівнів: словоформи, вільного словосполучення, фрази; надфразової єдності та цілого тексту. Послідовність формування вмінь і навичок реалізується в ієрархічній побудові вправ. В системі вправ розділяють дві підсистеми: мовні (підготовчі) та мовленнєві, які в свою чергу розподіляються на групи: (вправи для зняття лінгвістичних труднощів аудіювання та вправи для позбавлення психологічних труднощів), включаючи різні типи та види вправ. У процесі навчання аудіювання вчитель має передбачити три етапи роботи: формування інструкції та зняття мовних труднощів, презентація аудіоматеріалу та контроль і розуміння прослуханого. |