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Оси и плоскости тела человека - Тело человека состоит из определенных топографических частей и участков, в которых расположены органы, мышцы, сосуды, нервы и т.д.

Отёска стен и прирубка косяков - Когда на доме не достаёт окон и дверей, красивое высокое крыльцо ещё только в воображении, приходится подниматься с улицы в дом по трапу.

Дифференциальные уравнения второго порядка (модель рынка с прогнозируемыми ценами) - В простых моделях рынка спрос и предложение обычно полагают зависящими только от текущей цены на товар.

BRITAIN, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture

The Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture is one of the largest educational establishments of the country. It was founded in 1930.

In the years of its existence it has trained many thousands of engineers and architects, including specialists for 70 countries of the world. The University's graduate work on construction sites, at plants and factories, in government and communal bodies as foremen and managers, leading specialists and organizers of the country's nation economy.

The training of specialists is effected in such directions: construction engineering of natural environment, engineering mechanics, automation and computer-integrate technologies, computer sciences, geodesy, cartography and land management, architecture, applied art, management.

The main departments of the University are Construction department, faculty of Architecture, Automation and Complex Mechanisation department, City Development department, Construction Technological department and Sanitary Engineering department.

Educational and scientific work is organised and carried out by more than 40 chairs numbering about 700 highly-qualified instructors, most of them holding scientific degrees and academic ranks. Many of them are authors of text-books and manuals used in the University teaching process.

The chair of foreign languages provides teaching of foreign languages: English, German, French and Spanish. Special courses are provided for postgraduate students and those who wish to master a second foreign language.

About 7000 students study at the University. After the graduation they acquired the educational qualification levels of Bachelor, Specialist and Master of Science. The postgraduate courses in about 30 specialities are available at the University for those who choose to continue their professional and scientific training under the guidance of experienced advisers.

Scientific-research work is done at the University not only by the teaching staff and post-graduates but also by the students. The student's works are often awarded medals, prizes, and diplomas at Olympiads, conferences and competitions. An international exchange of students grows from year to year.

The buildings of the University are modern end well equipped. There are numerous specious lecture theatres, excellent laboratories with up-to-date equipment, design studies, specialised classrooms, computing centers, libraries end reading-halls.

Apart from educations work the University provides a wide range of social, cultural and sporting activities. There are halls of residence, hostels, refectory, a modern sports complex with a stadium and a swimming pool, a sporting camp and other facilities.

The building profession attracts young people nowadays, The person who devoted himself to this honourable profession should have a scientific attitude, initiative and imagination. In all parts of our vast country, on nearly every major construction site one can find graduates of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture.

London

The topic I’m going to speak about is London. From the geography lessons we know that East meets West in the Greenwich meridian. It’s in London.

London, one of the world’s biggest cities, situated on the river Thames, is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the residence of British sovereign. London is a great and cultural center with the population of more than seven million people.

London is consists of four main districts, which differ from each other. These are: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The City is small in area but it’s the business center of London. Many banks and offices are situated there. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange.

Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It’s the administrative center. The Houses of Parliament are there. It’s a beautiful buildings with two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. It’s a very beautiful church built over 900 years ago. The tombs of many great statesmen, scientists are in the abbey. There is Trafalgar Square where the famous Nelson Column stands as the memory about Nelson’s great victory. It’s interesting to know that the column is situated in the geographical center of the city. This square is always open for public meetings and demonstrations.

To the west of Westminster is the West End. Here we can find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, art galleries and concert halls. Piccadilly Circus is the heart of London’s West End. In the West End there are wide streets with beautiful houses and many parks, gardens and squares.

To the east of Westminster is East End, an industrial district of the capital. There are no parks or gardens in East End and you can’t see many fine houses there. Most of the plants and factories are situated there.

Speaking about London, you must keep in mind that it’s the city of contrasts.

Post-Graduate Course

In order to have solid academic qualification a future researcher needs to take a post-graduate course. Post-graduate learning for science degree seekers was introduced as early as in 1925.

Higher school graduates who strive to do their academic degree {e.g. PhD) normally take a post-graduate course after two years of practical work. But they can also take the course uoon their graduation. The PhD students need to take exams in their major subject, philosophy and a foreign language.

In this country there’s an extra-mural course of post-graduate training for those who want to do scientific research but do not want to leave work.

There is no tuition fee for the post-graduate studies. The post-graduate students who take a full-time course receive state scholarship. As a rule post-graduates have access to the instruments and equipment which are available at universities and higher schools to enable them to do their research.

At the University of Construction and Architecture post-graduate training embraces about 30 specialities for those who have chosen to continue their professional studies and do advanced research into a particular subject.

The scientists and researchers working at the University have extensive links with their colleagues in other countries participating in conferences, symposia, seminars, meetings initiated by various scientific institutions in Ukraine and abroad. Professional communication is of great importance and mutual interest because it promotes opinion exchange as regards many research issues, gives the opportunity to share the outcomes of investigation and promote scientific achievements.

Another way to achieve a scientific degree is to do independent research and upon its completion defend one’s dissertation to be awarded the PhD degree. For this purpose the degree seekers need to have support and access to resources at those institutions and establishments where they work.

The United Kingdom of G.B. and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consists of two large islands, G.B. and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.

The UK is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. GB consists of England, Scotland and Wales and doesn't include Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London.

The British Isles are separated from European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of GB is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south with its beautiful valleys and plains is called the Lowlands.

There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The weather in GB is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening and vice versa. The English people say: "Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long.

The weather is the favorite conversational topic in GB. After they greet each other they start talking about the weather.
The best time of the year in GB is spring (of course, it rains in spring too). The two worst months in Britain are January and February. They are cold, damp and unpleasant. The best place in the world then is at home by the big fire. Summer months are rather cold and there can be a lot of rainy days. So most people who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer.

The most unpleasant aspect of English weather is fog and smog. This is extremely bad in big cities especially in London. The fog spreads everywhere so cars move along slowly and people can't see each other. They try not to be run over by a car but still accidents are frequent in the fog.

BRITAIN, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

The United Kingdom (or Great Britain) is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over .'44 000 square kilometres.

The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland (on the island of Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (on the island of Ireland). Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh ;ind Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London.

Britain has been many centuries in the marking. The Romans conguered most of Britain, but were unable to subdue the fiercely independent tribes in the west and for north. Further waves of invaders followed: Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings, and Normans. All these contributed to the mixture we call English. Fof many centuries this country was known simply as England. To the west and north, Wales and Scotland fought for their independence so passionately that it took hundreds of years to bring them under English domination.

Since the eighteenth century Britain has included England, Wales and Scotland. Further west was England's oldest colony, Ireland. I he Irish won independence for the greater part of their country in 1921, but Northern Ireland was divided from the rest and retained as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The mixture of peoples in Britain must not be overlooked. It is as inaccurate to refer to the British as English as it was to refer to a citizen of the former Soviet Union as a Russian. But this mistake is made all over the world and we have to accept the fact that when most other people talk about the English or the Russians they really mean British or citizens of the former Soviet Union.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by і he North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great lhitain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest — east, centre, and south-east — is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Men Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence on the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The UK is one of the world's smallest countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters ofmachinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of twochambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties