 ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЕ Сила воли ведет к действию, а позитивные действия формируют позитивное отношение Как определить диапазон голоса - ваш вокал Игровые автоматы с быстрым выводом Как самому избавиться от обидчивости Противоречивые взгляды на качества, присущие мужчинам Вкуснейший "Салат из свеклы с чесноком" Натюрморт и его изобразительные возможности Применение, как принимать мумие? Мумие для волос, лица, при переломах, при кровотечении и т.д. Как научиться брать на себя ответственность Зачем нужны границы в отношениях с детьми? Световозвращающие элементы на детской одежде Как победить свой возраст? Восемь уникальных способов, которые помогут достичь долголетия Классификация ожирения по ИМТ (ВОЗ) Глава 3. Завет мужчины с женщиной
Оси и плоскости тела человека - Тело человека состоит из определенных топографических частей и участков, в которых расположены органы, мышцы, сосуды, нервы и т.д.
| Personal Computers. What are they?
Virtual world of Computers МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов II курса факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники» дневной формы обучения
Севастополь
УДК.629.123 + 656.61.052
Виртуальный мир компьютеров = Virtual world of Computers. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов II курса факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники» дневной формы обучения/ Сост. Е.В. Никитина. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2010. - 40 с.
Методические указания предназначены для практических занятий студентов 2 курса всех специальностей факультета «Автоматики и вычислительной техники» дневной формы обучения. В каждом уроке представлен текст, лексико-грамматические упражнения на закрепление материала урока и задания, развивающие и совершенствующие коммуникативные навыки.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры Практики романских и германских языков (протокол № 1 от 25.08.2010 г.).
Допущено учебно-методическим центром и научно-методическим Советом СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.
Рецензент: Солодова Е.С., канд.филол.наук, доцент кафедры Практики романских и германских языков СевНТУ.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение …………………………………………………4 Lesson I. Personal Computers. What are they?……………5 Lesson II. Jobs in IT…………………….………………..13 Lesson III. Extra Lesson. Bloggers and companies..…….21 Lesson IV. Cyber crime………….. ……………………...26 Lesson V. Battle of the software giants…………………..34 Библиографический список ……………………………40
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов 2-го курса всех специальностей факультета АВТ. Основная цель методических указаний – совершенствовать приобретенные ранее знания студентов, расширить словарный запас и научить вести беседу по компьютерной тематике. Целью данных методических указания является развитие навыков чтения и понимания литературы по специальности, обучения активному владению языковым материалом, ведению беседы на английском языке в пределах рассматриваемых тем и специальности студентов, которые являются основой для дальнейшего совершенствования навыков беседы на профессиональные темы. Методические указания состоят из 5 уроков, каждый из которых содержит текст, упражнения для закрепления грамматики и лексики соответствующего урока, а также творческие задания коммуникативной направленности. Лексический материал содержит как компьютерную терминологию, так и слова и словосочетания из общей лексики, которые студенты смогут использовать в разговоре на различные темы.
LESSON I Exercise 1.These words you should know. prior – ранее; прежний acquisition - сбор, приобретение, получение dedicated - назначенный, специализированный law enforcement personnel – сотрудники полиции, пожарные, спасатели mostly – главным образом inner sole – стелька to sync – синхронизировать price hike – скачок цен to take a gander – посмотреть decent - приличный whizz-bang - разг. граната, снаряд to be stuck with = to have to do smth – быть вынужденным что-то делать bells and whistles – модные приспособления to spring for – раскошелиться grundy – отвратительный Exercise 2.These terms you should learn. customization - изготовление изделий по техническим условиям заказчика AGP ( accelerated graphics port) - ускоренный графический порт tablet PC – планшетный компьютер wearable computers - носимый микрокомпьютер (напр., встроенный в пряжку ремня ) kit – набор, комплект highlight – подсветка matte-finished - матовый travel-friendly – портативный it’s fitting ~ оптимальная подгонка, сборка bloatware – приложения или программы, неимеющие большой ценности budding – многообещающий to burn = to write - записывать to reside - находиться; постоянно храниться to ship with = to be equipped with – быть оборудованным Exercise 3.Don’t mix such words. expansion bus - шина расширения expansion card - плата расширения expansion slot - расширительное гнездо upgrade – модернизировать, заменить аппаратные средства update - обновлять (данные, версию программы…) Exercise 4.Check your memory: upgradeable, end user, flash memory, user-replacable, top-of-the-line, remote resources, reliability, viewing angle, casing, trial subscription. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT Personal Computers. What are they? Personal computers can be categorized by size and portability: · Desktop computers · Laptop/notebooks and netbooks · Personal digital assistants (PDAs) · Tablet computers · Wearable computers Most of today's portable computers fall into the "laptop" class and “notebook”or even the smaller "netbook" class. Laptops/notebooks range from briefcase size to paperback size and many of them provide as much power as full-size computers. Netbook is the next step of getting computers smaller. People use netbooks mostly for displaying information than for any other purpose. Don’t forget that netbook has no DVD-drive, you can use only flash memory cards. PDA is hand-held computer also called Personal Communicators and Personal Intelligent Communicators. Most PDAs can connect to other computers, either through telephone lines, radio waves, or a computer cable. Many have PC card slots for attaching modems and other auxiliary devices. Most PDAs are capable of at least limited handwriting recognition, allowing users to enter notes into the computer with a special pen-like device, stylus, rather than with a keyboard. A Tablet PC is a complete computer contained in a touch screen. Tablet computers can be specialized for only Internet use or be full-blown, general-purpose PCs with all the options of a desktop unit. The distinguishing characteristic is the use of the screen as an input device using a stylus or finger. A wearable computer is a very personal computer. It should be worn like a piece of clothing. A user should interact with the computer based upon context. It could be a communications device (immediate or store and forward), a recorder (visual, audio, other sensors) or a reference device (local or remote resources). Many mass-market IBM PC compatible and Apple Macintosh personal computers are standardized to the point that purchased software is expected to run with little or no customization for the particular computer. Often memory and peripherals such as video boards and disk storage are easily upgradeable, even by the end user. Even the motherboard and central processing unit can be designed to be user-replacable. This upgradeability is, however, not indefinite due to rapid changes in the personal computer industry. A PC that was considered top-of-the-line five or six years prior may be impractical to upgrade due to changes in industry standards. Such a computer usually must be totally replaced once it is no longer suitable for its purpose. This upgrade and replacement cycle is related to new releases of the primary mass-market operating system, which tends to drive the acquisition of new hardware. The hardware capabilities of personal computers can sometimes be extended by the addition of expansion cards connected via an expansion bus. Some standard peripheral buses often used for adding expansion cards in personal computers are AGP (a high-speed PCI bus dedicated to graphics adapters). Most personal computers as of 2009 include an AGP bus and some expansion slots. ASWER THE QUESTIONS: 1. Which of the mentioned personal comuters do you have? 2. What are the advantages/diadvantages of each type of computers. 3. PDAs are the most popular nowadays, is it right? 4. Which type of the mentioned computers is the least popular? Why? 5. Which type of these computers do you never see? 6. What other classifications of computers do you know? 7. What is the purpose of any wearable computer? 8. Could we use any Microsoft product on Apple computers? Why? 9. Why do you think most of our computers have OS of this comany? 10. Do you know any other computer companies, besides IBM, Microsoft and Apple? 11. What options should the best copmuter have from your point of view? 12. If you have a choice what type of the discussed computers you will choose. 13. Is it right that some computers could’t be upgraded at all? 14. Is it so easy to upgrade your computer? Why? 15. Try to describe each of the above-mentioned category of PCs. VOCABULARY EXERCISES Exercise 1.Give equivalents to the following English and Russian words and word combinations: ·ultra-light, power consumption, screen, performance, fully-featured keyboard, upgradeability, bus, integrated modem, ‘portable’ solution, battery life, ‘business’ machine, slot, front panel, viewing angle, portability, specification; · корпус, устройство типа «все в одном», надежность, производительность, подсветка, задняя панель, особенность, установленная ОС, углы обзора. Exercise 2.Translate from English into Russian. 1. Anyone who relies on graphics or look for power for gaming is forced to go the desktop route to gain the specification they require. 2. Their processor usually runs at a reduced speed when on battery power. 3. Tablet PCs are personal computers where the owner is free to install any compatible application or operating system. 4. This PC is equipped with multi-touch screens and pen writing recognition capabilities. 5. PDAs are designed to be used as digital day planners, internet surfing devices, project planners, music players, and displays for video, live TV, and e-reading. 6. Wearable computers are especially useful for applications that require computational support while the user's hands, voice, eyes, arms or attention are actively engaged with the physical environment. 7. This type of wearable technology has been used in health monitoring systems, information technologies and media development. Exercise 3.Read the dialogue. Fred:Hi, Jeff. I call you to ask for an advice. Do you have enough time to speak with me? Jeff:Hello, Fred. Surely. What’s up? F:I have to find something suitable for me instead of my old-old computer that passed on (~приказал долго жить),by the way. I can’t decide what to buy a laptop or a desktop PC. J: First, you should think over the performance and capabilities of your future machine. Then you’ll have to decide whether its size, power and portability will be the main features of your computer. F:Whatdo you mean speaking about the size, power and portability? J:These three things are the most important features to be paid attention to when choosing between laptops and desktops. F:I see.I need light, portable and advanced computer with as much as possible communication features and … J:Wait a minute… F:… with large screen and having enough power for gaming … J:Fred,stop dreaming! Let’s discuss one more problem that can make you change your mind. F:What do you mean? J:Of course, the price! All you mentioned about concerns a laptop and it costs more than its desktop cousin. And there are also some other things you are to know before making any decision… Well, I’m pressed for time. Come to me this Friday we’ll talk about them. F:All right. Bye. J:Bye. Exercise 4. Compose your own dialogue. 1. Your friend mixes up some things from computer language and asks you to tell the difference between laptops and netbook, if any. 2. You help your group-mate make a right choice buying a new computer. 3. Everyone talks about the disappearance of desktop PC. Exercise 5. Choose the text. Read it and summarize key points. A Seiko Instruments Inc announced their first Bluetooth watch, the BT Watch. This hi-tech watch is packed into a very stylish casing. This watch is in fact an extension of your phone, and you'll be able (at first) to play around with the volume of the ringtone of your phone. It can also alert you when you have an SMS or e-mail, and it can display the number and the name of the person that is calling you. Finally, it will also alert you when the Bluetooth connection between the watch and phone is broken, so you won't forget your phone anymore. B The Zypad WL 1000, a new wrist-worn PC has been demonstrated to the military forces. This device, which can run Linux or Windows, is a hands-free computer which handles wireless networking and GPS tracking. It also comes with a 240 x 320 pixels touchscreen and has a battery which can last about 8 hours. It only weighs 300 grams — but it will be attached at the end of your arm, so it might feel heavier than this. It could be used by healthcare or law enforcement personnel. C iPod-compatible footwear that tracks runners' training routines is just the beginning of a collaboration between these brands. Their first jointly produced product: the Nike+iPod Sport kit, which involves an electronic sensor inserted under the inner sole of a new Nike running shoe. That sensor talks to a small wireless receiver that attaches to Apple's iPod nanomusic player. The components work together to give voice prompts, interjected while music is playing, that tell runners how far they've gone and at what pace. The iPod will also keep track of the duration, distance, and other information on each run. The data could then be uploaded to a Mac or PC. D The University of Buffalo's VR lab has developed a cap for your index finger that is exquisitely sensitive to movement–to the point that it can actually be used as a 3D digitizer. It has an accelerometer, a force sensor, and a motion tracker. E Japan's Scalar Corp. has recently introduced Teleglass T3-F Video Eyeglasses. Users enjoy the feeling of watching a 28" video screen from a distance of about 6 feet away. Video Eyeglasses solve that issue by only displaying the video to only one eye, leaving the other free to watch for the right subway stop. Exercise 6. Translate from Russian into English. О повышенной надежности и высокой производительности этого компьютера можно говорить долго. Хотя эта система лучше для офисной работы, чем для использования дома. Кроме хорошего внешнего вида самого корпуса, следует обратить внимание на очень важную и удобную особенность данной модели – подсветка разъемов на передней и задней панели. В комплект включены: удобная клавиатура, единственный недостаток которой – отсутствие кириллических (cyrillic) символов на кнопках, два коврика для мышки (один – для офисной работы, второй со специальным покрытием – для игр) и оптическая мышка. Этот компьютер идет уже с установленной ОС. Единственное, что вам останется выбрать – это монитор. Лучшим выбором станет монитор той же фирмы. Exercise 7. Get ready to discuss the topic ‘Types of personal computers’ GRAMMAR EXERCISES Exercise 1.Translate, paying attention to the words in italics. For hikers, tourists or just about anyone who likes to travel with a light load while taking digital photos, Sony has come up with a wearable GPS tracking device that'll help you keep track of where you've been. It is small enough and attached to your belt with a carbine. It records your time and location every 15 seconds. By synching the GPS clock with the timestamp on a digital still camera, your journey is archived, step by step. Exercise 2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. MICRO ELECTRONICS POWERSPEC T470 Sometimes you’re just not (to look) for a whiz-bang desktop. If merely capable is more your speed, then take a gander at the PowerSpec T470. This Vista Premium desktop system (to have) some nice components and its performance is decent. But it (not to have) the styling or bells and whistles of similar desktops from other manufacturers. The system (to load) an Intel Core 2 Duo E6300 processor, 2GB of memory, and a dual-layer DVD burner. You also (to get) a 300GB SATA hard drive that will hold a lot of photos or music files, and discrete graphics in a 256MB nVidia GeForce 7300 GT card. But one item that Micro Electronics should have sprung for is an optical mouse instead of a ball mouse. The system (to be) virtually free of preloaded “bloatware”—the ISP sign-ups and trial programs that you never use. But one software goody that we wish it did come with is an antivirus subscription longer than the free 90-day NOD32 antivirus/antispyware package. The PowerSpec T470 has some good hardware and (to provide) decent performance for a $1,000 multimedia system. Still, similar machines (to be) sturdier and less noisy. Exercise 3.Correct the mistake. Each sentence has one grammar mistake. There are no real comparison on performance between a laptop and a desktop computer. The laptop have a couple of fundamental problems to overcome which limit it. The first of these is size – the smaller the machine, the less room to puts components. The second is heat – the laptop is small and give less room to circulate air to cool components. Because manufacturers is constantly fighting against these problems the laptop will never truly ‘replace’ the desktop. SPEAKING-DISCUSSION Exercise 1.Look through the statements and agree/disagree with each one. Prove your opinion using the following word expressions. I think/I do not think; I believe/I don’t believe; I agree that/ I don’t agree that; I guess; I suppose; I consider; From my point of view; To my mind; In my opinion; To my way of thinking. It’s true that; If you ask me; As I see it; 1. All netbooks are designed to present information not create it. 2. Tablet PCs may be used where notebooks are impractical or do not provide the needed functionality. 3. Many ‘notebook’ computers cannot actually be used on your ‘lap’, so they cannot really be described as a ‘laptop’ – this is because the main cooling air fan inlet is on the bottom. Exercise 2.Read and translate the text and get ready to discuss its advantages and disadvantages. A LAPTOP FOR WORK AND PLAY $2,999 list The Acer TravelMate 8210-6038 is both. We’re not convinced, though, that its Blu-ray drive is much of a benefit. At 7.7 pounds, this TravelMate isn’t too travel-friendly. Much of this weight resides in the matte-finished 15.4-inch wide screen, which is useful for viewing documents side by side. The 8210 comes with a drive that lets you both play and burn Blu-ray discs. The system uses CyberLink’s PowerDVD BD, a fine program for HD playback. This desktop replacement laptop ships with Windows XP Professional, so it lacks Vista’s Media Center features. It has neither a remote nor physical playback buttons, so you’re stuck with the mouse or touchpad for controlling the video. These factors, combined with the price hike to the system caused by the Blu-ray drive, make the drive’s inclusion suspect. Despite our concerns about the drive, the 8210 is a powerful notebook for business or multimedia. Thanks to a 2.16-GHz Core 2 Duo T7400 CPU, 2GB of RAM, and discrete graphics, its performance equals that of a powerful desktop. That’s fitting, because at its weight you won’t want to lug it around. PROS:Decent battery performance. Battery life. CONS:Blu-ray drive doesn’t belong in this configuration. Really expensive.
Here are some opposing arguments: · keep young people from reading/studying and adults from working; · unemployment increases when workers are replaced; · impersonal contact, dependence on computer screens; · computerized art becomes mechanical and impersonal; · too much money/time spent on developing computers. Exercise 4.Look through the following abstracts and discuss each of them. 1. Three of the four best times of the year to purchase a laptop or desktop computer come around like clockwork. The first three are the holiday shopping season, the back-to-school period in August and September, and inventory clearance time in late January and February. The fourth time is variable from year to year. When a new technology is introduced, the channel tries to flush the older stuff. That's not predictable as a time of year, but has to do with when products are launched. 2. The CPU determines how quickly a notebook runs applications and performs on-screen tasks. Core Duo and Core 2 Duo processors are good choices for speedy processing. 3. The more installed memory your notebook has, the more applications you can run at once, and the better your notebook will perform. Ease of access aside, upgrading memory in a notebook is a bit trickier than with a desktop, so buy as much memory preinstalled as you can afford. 4.The specified size of a notebook's LCD screen represents a diagonal measurement. The larger the screen, the higher the maximum resolution and the more information you can view at once. 5. The larger the hard drive, the more data you can keep on your notebook. If you plan to work with databases, spreadsheets, or digital photo or video files, opt for a large drive. 6. The more expansion bays, the more options you have for switching in new optical drives or other storage drives; but switching drives takes time. Though high-end ultraportables typically have no extra bays, you can purchase external drives for them. Exercise 5.Choose the topic you want to speak about. 1. Advantages of laptop/notebook over the desktop PC. 2. Tablet PC was designed for military purpose. 3. Most wearable computers are created by Japanese. LESSON II Exercise 1.These words you should know. first degree – степень бакалавра university degree - университетский диплом subordinate – подчиненный to staff – набирать кадры qualification – квалификация, право занимать какую-л. должность ( подтвержденное документом ) Exercise 2.These terms you should learn. technician – техник technical support - техническая поддержка desktop publishing - (DTP) настольная издательская система, настольная редакционно-издательская система, НИС off-the-shelf software - массовое (покупное) ПО in-house software - программное обеспечение для внутреннего (ис)пользования Exercise 3.Don’t mix such words. to back up – делать копию to keep up – поддерживать; to build up –монтировать, строить, создавать to set up - основывать, настраивать to start up – пускать в ход to free up – освобождать to catch up – наверстывать to upload - пересылать, загружать Exercise 4.Check your memory: to encounter a problem, well-paid and low-paid, company car, freelancer, to amend something, to recruit somebody.
READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT Jobs in IT There are a lot of different jobs in IT, some of them require special knowledge and a university degree, and the others need experience first of all. The latest survey of the labour market carried out by one of the US employment agencies gives the following results. There are three the most essential jobs for almost any company: security specialist, IT support engineer and IT systems engineer. These people are well-paid and get good benefits from their company, for example a company car. Also if you want to work as a freelancer a software engineer or designer will be the choice for today. It is reported that most people with a university degree in IT work as a systems support engineer (analyst programmer), while the job of a computer services engineering technician requires a lot of experience and is low-paid nowadays. Security specialist is a person who tests the security of networks systems and advises customers how to introduce and maintain security policies including: setting up secure passwordsystems and installing firewalls, keeping out hackersand dealing with viruses. Off-the-shelf systems are ready-made systems that are purchased from systems suppliers. In-house systems are developed by the employees of the company. An IT support engineer is a professional who provides help for computer users by designing, building and maintaining information technology systems. He can start out in his career by working on a help-desk. An IT systems manager is responsible for developing and implementing computer software that supports the operations of the business. A university degree is usually required but not necessarily in computing. The best qualification for becoming a manager is experience. A software engineer/designer produces the programs, which control the internal operations of computers. They use program libraries to produce programs. They also design, test and improve programs for a variety of purposes including computer-aided design and manufacture. A computer engineering technician is responsible for installation, maintenance and repair of computers and peripherals. They install, test, troubleshoot, upgrade and carry out routine maintenance on hardware, ranging from personal computers to mainframes. A systems support engineer is an analyst programmer who is responsible for maintaining, updating and modifying the software used by a company. Some of them specialise in systems software that involves use of machine code and specialized low-level computer languages. They may sort out problems encountered by users including amending an area of code in the software, retrieving files and data lost when a system crashes. ASWER THE QUESTIONS:1. What jobs in IT do you know, besides mentioned in this text? 2. What is the difference between an IT support engineer and a computer engineering technician? 3. Why do you think the latter one is low-paid? 4. Is it difficult to become an IT systems manager? Prove your opinion? 5. Do you want to be a software engineer/designer? 6. Why are the security specialists so essential for business? 7. Do you want to choose one of the mentioned jobs? Explain your choice. 8. What is firewall? What is its function? 9. Should the employees and their employer install a password system? 10. Will secure password system keep the company’s secrets in any case? 11. What is a help-desk? 12. Are you satisfied with your Internet provider’s technical support? If not, explain. 13. Why do you think your Internet provider has a good technical support? 14. In what sphere will/do you work (software or hardware technical support, programming, installation and repair, network)? 15. Do you want to be a boss or to be a subordinate? Why? VOCABULARY EXERCISES Exercise 1.Give the equivalents to the following English and Russian words and word combinations: · IPS provider, technician, technical support, implemented software, to set up secure password system, CAD, CAM, troubleshoot, systems software, application software, updating, system crash. · специалист по устранению неисправностей, специалист по системам, техник, инженер - системный программист, компьютерная служба помощи, техническая поддержка (пользователей), специалист по разработке аппаратуры, администратор (системы) безопасности. Exercise 2.Match the words and their explanations from these two columns.
Exercise 3.Complete the following definitions with jobs from the box.
IT professionals
1 A ______________ designs and develops IT devices. 2 A ______________writes computer programs. 3 A ______________edits and deletes posts made by contributors to a blog. 4 A ______uses page layout software to prepare electronic files for publication. 5 A ______manages the hardware and software that comprise a network. 6 A _______designs and maintains websites. 7 A __________works with companies to build secure computer systems. 8 A _______helps end-users with their computer problems in person, by email or over the phone. Exercise 4. up- and -up verbs. Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verbs from this list:
back up keep up build up set up catch up start up free up upload update upgrade
1. To avoid losing data, you should ____ your files regularly. 2. You can _____ your PC by adding a new motherboard. 3. Delete some files to ____ space on your hard disk. 4. Data is _____ from regional PCs to the company's mainframe each night. 5. The operating system boots when you _____ your computer. 6. She's taking a course to ______ her knowledge of computing. 7. The computer checks the memory when it _______. 8 He ______ a website to advertise his travel company. 9. You can ____ with developments by reading PC magazines. 10. If you miss a class, you can study the hand-outs to _______. 11. The image in a digital camera is ______ from a red, green and blue image. Exercise 5.Read the dialogue.
Interviewer : Now that the course is over, how do you keep up? Brad: That's the difficult thing. You get a lot from work when you're thrown into situations you don't know much about. You have to learn fast. Interviewer: Well, I see. Brad: I've noticed a few times when I've gone to customers who want something fixed that I don't know about that I learn really fast. Interviewer : So you're teaching yourself. Brad: Yes. You have to do this from books and manuals and by reading the PC magazines. Interviewer : Did the college give you any advice on the best magazines to read? Brad: No. Interviewer : So how did you get that information? How did you know where to look for help? Brad: There was one lecturer. He used to work for a chip company. Even the college technical staff used to ask him for advice. He gave us some advice on where to look. The magazines themselves often recommend books to buy. The Internet is good. You go to the Microsoft websites and the manufacturers' websites also help. Interviewer : That's not something the college gave you. They didn't say, well, 'Here are a useful set of Web addresses'? Brad: No. There was a set book on support, which was useful but it was full of mistakes so you had to check it against other books to make sure what was right. Interviewer : OK. One last question. Would you ever go back to college? Brad: Yes, I'd like to do my degree some time but it's getting the time and the money to do this. Exercise 6.Explain the following terms in your own words.
Workstations, network, troubleshoot system, printed circuit boards, software, microchips, file server, peripherals, upgrade, mainframes, updating, systems software, machine code, low-level computer languages, a system crash, application programmes, systems software. Exercise 7. Write an annotation to this text.
Becoming Certified Suppose you're a support engineer. You're stuck in a job you don't like and you want to make a change. One way of making that change is to improve your marketability to potential employers by upgrading your skill-set. If you're going to train yourself up however, whose training should you undertake? If you need certificates, whose certificates should they be? Even if you get those certificates, how certain can you be that your salary will rise as a result? One solution is the range of certifications on offer from Microsoft. Microsoft offers a large array of certification programmes aimed at anyone from the user of a single program such as Microsoft Word to someone who wants to become a certified support engineer. There are a lot of certificates to study for too. If you're the proud holder of any of those qualifications, then you're entitled to call yourself a Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP). Once you've decided which track you want to take, you should consider just how qualified you already are in terms of experience and knowledge. Will you need to go and take some courses with a training company, or are you the type who can make good use of self-study materials? How much time do you have to devote towards this? Will your employer pay for your course? Will it grant you leave to go and do the course on either a full-time or part-time basis? The key question here is experience. This will not only influence the amount of work you'll have to do to get up to speed for the exams, it could also mean the difference between passing or failing the exam. If you decide a training course will help you out, don't let the title of a course alone convince you that it will be suitable or cost effective. Find out exactly what the course offers and whether there so are pre-requisites for attendants. You should also find out what the training company is prepared to do if attendants don't have the minimum knowledge necessary to be on the course. As exams are replaced by 'updated' ones, you need to upgrade your certification to stay current. Ultimately it's your responsibility to make sure you stay up to date. If you don't, you lose your certification until youtake an update. As a support engineer, you get the satisfaction of knowing that you passed a tough test, and the happy knowledge that your network manager is sweating a bit over the fact that you could be head-hunted at any time.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES Exercise 1.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
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