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| Places of Interest in Great Britain
Britain is rich in its historic places which link the present with the past. The oldest part of London is Lud Hill. About a mile west of it there is Westminster Palace, where the king lived and the Parliament met, and there is also Westminster Abbey – the centre of the Church. Liverpool, “the city of ships”, is England’s second greatest port, ranking after London. The most interesting sight in Liverpool is the docks. The University of Liverpool, established in 1903, is noted for its School of Tropical Medicine. And in the music world Liverpool is a well-known name, for it’s the home town of “The Beatles”. Stratford-on-Avon lies 93 miles north-west of London. Shakespeare was born here in 1564, and here he died in 1616. Oxford and Cambridge Universities are famous centres of learning. Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument. Some people think that the stones of Stonehenge were brought to the area by a glacier. Stonehenge is associated with sun worship: at dawn in midsummer, the sun rises exactly over a certain stone on the outside of the circle and shines onto the altar in the centre. Every year thousands of young people go to Stonehenge to take part in the midsummer Druid festival, but only a small number of people are allowed near the circle of stones. The British Museum is the largest and richest museum in the world. It was founded in 1753 and contains one of the world’s richest collections of antiquities. Madam Tussaud’s Museum is an exhibition of hundreds of life-size wax models of famous people of yesterday and today. The collection was started by Madam Tussaud, a French modeler in wax, in the 18 century. Here you can meet Marilyn Monroe, Elton John, the Royal Family, the Beatles and many others: writers, movie stars, singers, politicians, sportsmen. Answer these questions: 1. What is the oldest part of London?2. What is Westminster Palace? 3. What is called “the city of ships”?4. Why is Stratford-on-Avon famous?5. What are the famous centres of learning?6. What is Stonehenge?7. What is the largest and richest museum in the world?8. What unique collection does it contain?9. What can you see in Madam Tussaud’s Museum? Text 16 The Theatre in Great Britain Britain has a long tradition of drama. British theatre began in the thirteenth century, before the time of Shakespeare, with a series of short stories from the Bible called The Mystery Plays. Even today, every four years in York and Chester, ordinary people still perform these plays. The most famous British theatres are the National Theatre and the Barbican. The Royal Shakespeare Company performs at the Barbican in London and in Stratford-on-Avon, where Shakespeare was born. These theatres receive money from the government so that they can perform several different plays a year. In spite of this money from the government, many theatres, including the National Theatre and the Barbican, find it difficult to survive. There are many smaller theatre groups in Britain. Some of them receive money from the government to perform plays which are contemporary and experimental. Going to the theatre in Britain is not only popular, but also expensive. Not many young people can afford to go. It is possible to get cheaper tickets by going to afternoon performances called matinees. Answer these questions: 1. When did Britain theatre begin?2. What are the most famous British theatres?3. Where was Shakespeare born?4. Are there any smaller theatre groups in Britain?5. Is going to the theatre expensive in Britain?
Text 17 Sports in Great Britain British people are very fond of sports. Sport is part of their normal life. The two most popular games are football and cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own Football Leagues (FL) and national teams. Matches are played on Saturday afternoon from August to April. In addition to the FL games there is a competition called the Football Association Cup. The Cup Final is played at Wembley Stadium, London, in May. Cricket is considered to be the English National game. Its rules are very complicated. It is played by two teams of eleven men each, the player at a time tries to hit the ball with a bat. Golf is the Scottish national game. It originated in the XV century and the most famous golf course in the world, known as the Royal and Ancient Club. Lawn tennis was first played in Britain in the late 19th century. The most famous British championship is Wimbledon, played annually during the last week of June and the first week of July. Those are the most popular kinds of sport in the UK. But there are many other sports such as rugby, swimming, golf, horse-racing and the traditional fox-hunting. Answer these questions: 1. Are British people fond of sports? 2. What is the most popular game in the United Kingdom? 3. Do all the parts of the UK have their Football Leagues and teams? 4. When and where is the Cup Final played? 5. What is considered to be the English National game? 6. What is the name of the Scottish national game? When did it originate? 7. What are the other sports popular in the UK?
Text 18 The British and Sport Britain does not often produce sportsmen or sportswomen who are successful in world sporting championships, but it has been good at inventing sport and writing the rules of games. Golf was first played in Scotland in the fifteenth century and the most famous golf club, Saint Andrews in Scotland, is still the most respected authority on the golf in the world. Cricket was first played in England in the sixteenth century and its rules were written in the eighteenth century. Nineteenth-century team sports, such as football, rugby and hockey, were first played in British public schools. The rules for all of these games were written between 1870 and 1890. Britain’s national sport is football. During the football season (August to May) most professional footballers play two matches every week. Many people say this is too many because the players cannot devote enough time and energy to international games. The 22 best English teams play in the Premier League, run by the Football Association (the FA). The other professional teams play in three divisions run by the Football League. Liverpool is the most successful team and has won the most games and tournaments. Cricket is a popular summer sport in England. It is not played much in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, but it is played in the Commonwealth countries of Australia, India, New Zealand, Pakistan and the West Indies. Every year there are Test Matches between all these countries. A Test Match can last up to five days. Usually the Commonwealth countries play much better and faster cricket than England. Rugby takes its name from Rugby School in the Midlands. Rugby is a type of football. It is played with an oval ball and players can both kick or run with it. There are two types of rugby. In Rugby Union there are teams of 15 players, who are amateurs. In Rugby League there are 13 players in a team, the players are all professionals. Answer these questions: 1. When and where was golf first played? 2. When and where was cricket first played? 3. What is Britain’s national sport? 4. What are the most successful football teams? 5. In what countries is cricket played? 6. How is rugby played? 7. How many types of rugby are there?
Text 19 British Meals Traditionally English people have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. Breakfast is served in the morning. It used to be a large meal with cereal, eggs and bacon, sausages, tomatoes. But such a large breakfast takes a long time to prepare and is not very healthy. Nowadays, Britain’s most popular breakfast consists of cereal, toast with marmalade, juice and yogurt with a cup of tea or coffee. Lunch is a light meal. Most people have no time to go back home for lunch so they eat at school, cafes, pubs or restaurants. The main meal is dinner, which is usually between 6 and 7 p.m. A typical evening meal is a meat dish with vegetables and dessert. The most important meal of the week is the Sunday dinner, which is usually eaten at 1 p.m. The traditional Sunday dish used to be roast beef, but nowadays pork, chicken or lamb are more common. On Sunday evenings people have supper or high tea. The famous British afternoon tea is becoming rare, except at weekends. Answer these questions: 1. How many meals a day do English people have? 2. What did they use to eat for breakfast? 3. What do they usually eat nowadays? 4. Is lunch a large meal? 5. Where do English people eat lunch? 6. What dishes are served for dinner? 7. What is the most important meal of the week? 8. Is British afternoon tea still popular? Text 20 |
