 ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
| Олена переклала чимало іноземних листів в офісі.
AAA A little present... to each of the guests yesterday. г) was given A new dress ... for my sister tomorrow. a) will be bought After they had published Ins ten novels, he became famous.б) Alter his ten novels had been published, he became famous. After they had shown us the house, all guests had a walk round the garden. б) After we had been shown over The house, all guests had a walk round the garden. All local newspapers have just announced their engagement. а) Their engagement has been just announced by all local newspapers. As the building was dangerous, they had knocked it down at last. в) As the building was dangerous, it had been knocked down al last. ... arrives according to schedule. 6) It A hare is ... than a frog. б) quicker ….Are there partners with unlimited liability д)general partners A secret partners take part in…B)management A partnership can bring much…. To the partners г) profit A University can be….corporation б)nonprofit An education usually reinvests all its money д) institution All the information about the stuff of the firms can be found in…б) personnel office A sales manager has direct…. Over a salesman б)authority As a rule a … usually does not give orders to other departments B)a stuff department An accountant helps….. the activity of a business г) to measure Accounting records provide…..for stock holders, independent analisys A ) data All… banks make loans to borrowers г) commercial As a result of this deal we ‘ll have greater…. Than outflow B) inflow After that I show you round the school. в) Після того я покажу вам школу. Although he has his own car, he often uses buses. б) Хоча у нього є своя машина, він часто їздить автобусами. Auction will offer more of a product at a higher price and less at a lower price. A budgetis a financial plan that summarizes income and expenditures over a period of time. A market is where buyers and sellers come together. A partnershipis a business organization that is owned by two or more persons. A security exchangeis a market where brokers meet to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their customers. A sole proprietorshipis a business owned by one person. About 50 percent of entrepreneurs start their businesses in industries in which they have some experience. All debts and all problems associated with the business belong to the owner. As a national goal, economic efficiency refers to the entire economy’s ability to get the most out of its limitedresources. A market in which there is only one seller is a monopoly. A nation’s standard of living is measured by the amount of goods and services available to its citizens. … are able to employ the optimum number of workers and productivity increases. (Employers) … are able to enter or to leave the market at will. (Buyers and sellers) … are people who use goods and services to satisfy their wants. (Consumers) A market in which there is only one seller is a … (monopoly) A nation's … of living is measured by the amount of goods and services available to its citizens. (standard) A partnership is a business organization that is owned by two or more persons. About 50 percent of entrepreneurs start their … in industries in which they have some … (business, experience) All debts and all problems associated with the business belong to the … (owner) As a national goal, economic efficiency refers to the entire economy's ability to get the most out of its limited … (resources)
BBB By the time yon arrive there; they will have already sent the invitation. б) By the time you arrive there, the invitation will have already been sent. By three o'clock he had answered only half the letters he had received that morning. б) До 3 години він відповів тільки на половину листів, які отримав того ранку. Banks and savings institutions protect your money against fire, theft and other disasters. Buyers and sellersare ableto enter or to leave the market at will. Buyers and sellers have full knowledge of the prices price quoted in the market. Banks and savings institutions protect your … against fire, theft and other disasters. (money) Buyers and sellers have full knowledge of the prices price quoted in the … (market)
CCC Competition motivates producers to improve the quality and increase the variety of goods and services. Change accounts, credit cards, installment plans, car loans and household mortgages are some of the best known forms of credit. Coke is a trademark of the Coca-Cola Company. Consumers are people who use goods and services to satisfy their wants. Corporations sell stocks and bonds as a way of raisingcapital. Customers charge purchases to their accounts for payment at a later data. Can you help ... friends? г) your China has got ... population in the world. в) the largest «Coke» is a ... of the Coca-cola Company. (trademark) … charge purchases to their accounts for payment at a later date. (Customers) Change accounts, credit cards, installment plans, car loans and household mortgages are some of the best known forms of … (credit) Corporations sell stocks and bonds as a way of rising … (capital)
DDD Do you want the letter... tomorrow or just now? в) to be written Does ... go to London? г) he Don’t ask him…question it will be impolite A) personal Demandis a consumer’s willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place. Do You know the effect of your last… on financial condition of the firms д)transaction
EEE Even if Jane did say so, we can't be sure that she was telling the truth. а) Навіть, якщо Джейн і говорила так, ми не можемо бути впевненими, що вона казала правду. Every time I ring him up he is not at home. а) Щоразу, коли я йому телефоную. його нема вдома Employers are able to employ the optimum number of workers and productivity increases. Economists often speak of the structure of a market. Economists often use tables to illustrate and explain their work. Equal denomination of money should have the same value. Everyone goes through life having to make choices. Economists often speak of the «structure» of a … (market) Economists often use … and graphs to illustrate and explain their work. (tables) Equal … of money should have the same value. (Denomination) Everyone goes through life having to make … (Choices) … exists because human wants are virtually unlimited, whereas the necessaries to satisfy those wants are limited. (Scarcity)
FFF Financing by shares is called… funding B)equity Federal government.. and supervise all national banks B) charter Foreign language clubs give a lot lor developing the general outlook of our pupils. в) Клуби іноземноїмови чималодають длярозвитку загальноюсвітогляду наших учнів. Fiscal policies must be timed so that they are applied at the right moment. Fiscal policy is applied by changing the level of tax receipts relative to federal spending. Fiscal policy solutions have several serious drawbacks. Firm’s capacity is the maximum number of units it can produce. ….funding is a financing formed by borrowing г) debt Fiscal policies must be … so that they are applied at the right moment. (timed) Fiscal policy is applied by changing the level of tax receipts relative to … (federal spending) Fiscal policy solutions have several serious … (drawbacks)
GGG General partners have…г)unlimited liability Government in America functions at three levels.
HHH
He had translated the letter by the time they asked for it.в) The letter had been translated bythe time they asked for it. He knew that all his friends had read this book already. а)He knew that this book had already been read by all his friends. He says by next spring they will have built these houses in our city. г)He says by next spring these houses will have been built ill our city. He will have passed all his exams by the end of the next term. a) All his exams will have been passed by the end of the next term. His letter... as soon as the manager finds out the necessary information. a) will be answered He ... the play before he saw it at the theatre. г) had read He ... the report tor today's seminar.a) hasn't prepared He found that the lady was not so young as he ... в)had expected He likes ... such stories. г) to be told He said that he ... all his exams by the 25th of June.г) would have passed Here is my report. I ... it at last. г) have finished ….Has the authority in management but he is not known to public A) secret partners Hardly had they come out when it began to rain. в) Щойно вони вийшли з дому, як розпочався дощ. Help yourselves to sandwiches, please. а) Пригощайтесь сендвічами, будь ласка. Her father teaches History at our school. г) її батько викладає історію в нашій школі. Hе does read English books in the original. в) Він гаки читає англійські книги в оригіналі. Hе doesn't often write sentences on the blackboard. а) Він не часто пише речення на дошці. Hе found the book very interesting. б) Він вважав, щокнига дуже цікава. Hе knew that Nina was in Kyiv. б) Він знав, що Ніна була у Києві. Hе knew why she had been to Lviv several times. а) Він знав, чому вона кілька разів була у Львові.
III I am sorry but this room ... now. a) is being occupied I can't say anything because my words ... against me. в) will be used I hope that they will have prepared the room by the guests' arrival. г ) I hope that the room will have been prepared by the guests' arrival. If I... this job, I'll be very much satisfied. 6) am given If you had written the article earlier, it could have already been published. a) If the article had beenwritten earlier, il could have already been published. It's not really our house yet. We haven't paid for it. в) It's not really our house yet. It hasn't been paid for ... is our neighbour here. г) She I already ... my things and I am ready to go. 6) have packed I am busy at the moment. I ... on the computer. в) am working I don't know…… 6) where your umbrella is I sent the letter a week ago and they haven't received it.... 6) yet I think dogs are ... than cats. 6) more intelligent I usually ... this fence once a year. a) paint I... my parents since last Christmas. a) haven't seen If I ... free tomorrow I will have a walk in the park. 6) am If I ... him yesterday. I would have discussed the question with him. г) had seen If you ... my sister tomorrow, tell her the news, please. a)see If you had known the truth you ... to make Smith come to me. 6) wouldn't have been able If you use pictures and slides your report will be much ...6) more interesting I'm not so ... as a horse. a) strong It was really a ... boring journey. в) rather Is this bank owned publicly or…? б )privately I want to buy some ….in IBM and general motors б) stocks If you need applicants for this position… in a special section of the local newspaper A) advertise I want to find a new secretary, so I’ll call an employment B) agency If you are an applicant for the position , you have to write your…д) resume …..Is one the two main records which most of the business prepare regularly A) income statement I’m sure of the…. This transaction б)efficiency International corporation between banks makers is possible….import and export б) to finance It’s possible to convert american dollars to swiss franks in… department г)foreign exchange I bought this watch seven years ago and presented it to my brother. а)Я купив цеп годинник сім років тому і подарував його братові. I came across the term I didn't know. а) Мені трапився термін, який. я не знаю. I don't remember when I last "had my hair cut. б) Я не пам'ятаю, коли я останній раз підстригалась. I finished work at live o'clock the day before yesterday. а) Позавчора я закінчив роботу о п'ятій. I guess you are right in a way. г) Я вважаю, що ви якоюсь мірою маєте рацію. I saw a man go past, but I didn't look at him. в) Я бачив, як якийсь чоловік проходив мимо, але я не подивився на нього. I was afraid you misunderstood my proposal. a) Я боялася, що ви неправильно розумієте мою пропозицію. I was glad to find my lost book under the table. в) Я зрадів, коли знайшов свою загублену книжку під столом. I went to the swimming pool and so did my friend. а) Я ходив у басейн і мій друг також. I will help you to plant trees next week. а) Я допоможу Вам садити дерева наступного тижня. I'd like the letter to be sent at once. г) Я б хотів, щоб листа відправили негайно. I'll be most interested to meet the teachers and to discuss their plans. а) Мені буде дуже цікаво зустрітися з учителями і обговорити їхні плани. I'm going to work at school after I graduate from the university. а) Я збираюся працювати у школі після того, як закінчу університет. It was obvious that nobody intended to do anything. б) Було очевидно, що ніхто не збирався нічого робити. It was raining all day long and we had to put off our meeting. а) Увесь день ішов дощ, і ми вимушені були відкласти нашу зустріч. It will be raining when get there. в) Коли ми приїдемо туди, буде падати дощ. It would be silly to go out. It is raining cats and dogs. а) Було б нерозумно виходити. Ллє як з відра. It would be wiser to drive slowly. г) Було би розумніше їхати повільно. I've never known her to be angry. б) Я ніколи не бачив її сердитою. If the business were to fail, its creditors would have the right to recover their money from any, or all, of the partners. In a large business the tasks of organizing and operating are done by many hired managers. In a monopoly supply is determined by a single firm. In our economic lives we spend money to buy the things we want. In some countries prices are set by thesellers. Interest and rent are two forms of incomethat can be earned by wealth. … is a key part of marketing because it is the way business get their messages to consumers. (Promotion) … is a business owned by one person (A sole proprietorship) … is a consumer's willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place. (Demand) … is a financial plan that summarizes income and expenditures over a period of time. (A budget) … is a market where brokers meet to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their customers. (A security exchange) … is a measure of how efficiently we work. (Productivity) … is money that will be used for a year or more. (Long-term financing) … is the difference between assets and liabilities. (Net worth) … is the maximum number of units it can produce. (Firms capacity) … is where buyers and sellers come together. (A market) If the business were to fail, it’s … would have the right to recover their money from any, or all, of the partners. (creditors) In a large business the tasks of organizing and operating are done by many hired …(managers) In a monopoly supply is determined by a single ...( firm) In our economic lives we spend … to buy the things we want. (money) In some countries prices are set by the … (sellers) Interest and rent are two forms of … that can be earned by wealth. (income)
LLL ... like to spend their summer holidays at the seaside. в) They ... likes to travel by air. г) She Let's go out. It ... any more. А)isn’t raining Less than 20 percent of European business are partnership or …)corporations Lemited partnership is a common form of ownership in….A)real estate Let's warn him not to be late. г) Давайте попередимо його, щоб не запізнювався. Long-term financing is money that will be used for a year or more.
MMM Many new houses ... in our city now. г) are being built Many readers have read this novel with interest ever since it was published. г) This novel has been read with interest by many readers ever since it was published Martin gave ... his cell phone.6) us My brother gave ... a very interesting story to read. в) me My friend can't speak English ... I couldn't take him to the international conference last month. a) that's why My bag isn't very……. в) heavy My sister likes to ... the table but she doesn't like to wash dishes. в) lay More than 80 percent of all business…are not from sole proprietorship B)receipts My friend works in a … he is responsible for the company product б) a line department Many birds fly to the south in autumn. б) Багато птахів відлітають на південь восени. Mr. Brown has never had to punish his children. г) Містеру Брауну ніколи не було потреби карати своїх дітей. Many consumers, who are concerned about the environment, are refusing to buy soft drinks in plastics. Many large corporations raise long-term capital through the sale of their bonds. Market economics are directed by prices. Money can be anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods and services. Money, therefore, is the medium that enables exchanges to be made easily. More people can afford to buy an item at a lower price than at a higher price. My friend .. of sales manager б) holds a position … motivates producers to improve the quality and increase the variety of goods and services. (Competition) Many … who are concerned about the environment are refusing to buy soft drinks in plastics (consumers) Many large corporations raise long-term capital through the sale of their … (bonds) Market economics are directed by … (prices). Money can be anything, that is generally accepted in … for goods and services. (payment) Money, therefore, is the … that enables exchanges to be made easily. (medium) More people can afford to buy … at a lower price than at a higher price. (an item)
NNN No matter what 1 did, nobody paid any attention. а) Що б я не робив, ніхто не звертав на мене ніякої уваги. Net worth is the difference between assets and liabilities. Newtechnologies can be used by business to improve productivity. New … can be used by business to improve productivity. (technologies)
OOO One of the principal advantages of money over barter is its ability to be divided into parts. Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock, and for that reason corporate owners are known as stockholders. Olena translated a lot of foreign letters at the office previous week. а) Попереднього тижня Олена переклала чимало іноземних листів в офісі. Our companies current …is very high д)profit Organization structure shows… between each position and position about and below д)relationships One advantage of a partnership is that it offers multiplty source of…б) capital ... on the hill he could see the whole town. г) Standing Our trip ... because of bad weather last week-end. 6) was finished One of the principal … of money over barter is its ability to be divided into parts. (advantages) Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock, and for that reason corporate owners are known as … (stockholders)
PPP Peter was late for the party, so when he went into the room they had introduced all guests to each other. а) Peter was late for the party, so when he went into the room all guests had been introduced to each other. Pineapples ... in Hawaii. в) are grown People ... English all over the world. 6) speak Partnership have many…one is that they receive tax benefits from the government. B)advantages Partnership very often receive…from the government.B)tax benefit Personnel office will help you to find a new г) employee Please keep this to your son.а) Будь ласка, збережіть це для свого сина. Promotion is a key part of marketing because it is the way business gets their messages to consumers. Payment for the use of someone else’s money or capital is called interest. People who come from families whose member were in business themselves are more likely to start their own companies. Price stability refers to time during which prices remain constant. Productivity is a measure of how efficiently we work. Property insurance protects policyholders against the loss or damage of their property. Property owners know they will make a profitif they can produce goods and services that buyer’s want, at a price they are willing to pay. Payment for the use of someone else's money, or capital, is called … (interest) People who come from families whose members were in business themselves are more likely to start their own … (companies) Price stability refers to time during which … remain constant. (prices) Property … protects policyholders against the loss or damage of their property. (insurance) Property owners know they will make … if they can produce goods and services that buyers want, at … they are willing to pay. (a profit, a price) … refers to earning paid on a weekly or monthly basis. (Salary)
SSS She ... a box of chocolates for her birthday last week. a) was given She came back to town where she .... г) was born She said that she had already washed the clothes. a) She said that the clothes had been already washed. Somebody had locked up the house for a year before they moved in. в) The house had been locked up for a year before they moved in. Stamps ... in 1840 in Great Britain. б) were introduced She has ... job of all. в) the most difficult She proved ... a well-read person. 6) to be She speaks in ... voice than the last time. a) a loud Small….are very often service industries. A)business Sole partnership…only a small part of all business receipt . A)account She has a good …for the position : a collage degree,good work experience б)qualification She pretended not to hear me. г) Вона вдала, що не чує мене. She was happy to find the necessary dictionary in the language room. а) Вона була щаслива з Salaryrefers to earning paid on a weekly or monthly basis. Scarcityexists because human wants are virtually unlimited, whereas the necessaries to satisfy those wants are limited. Similarly, firms needmoney to begin operation, to meet their day-to-day expenses and to expand. Societies obtaingoods and services either by producing them themselves or by trading what they produce. Similarly, firms need … to begin operation, to meet their day-to-day expenses and to expand. (money) Societies obtain … either by producing them themselves or by trading what they produce. (goods and services)
TTT
The answer... to you next week б) will be given The bill ... to your room in an hour. 6) will be sent The book ... by students now. в) is being discussed The book ... from the library a month ago. в) was borrowed The book ... now. г) is being translated The bridge ... long ago. б) was built The building ... recently and looks impressive. a) has been repaired The game ... because of bad weather. a) was put off The police ... of an accident already. We expect them any minute. a)have been informed The room ... by my brother now. г) is being cleaned The telegram to his office ... now. a) is being sent Their mother had told them a lot of stories before they went to bed. б) A lot of stories had been told them, before they went to bed. They are doing nothing to restore the building at present. в) At present nothing is being done to restore the building. They had taken the wounded woman to hospital before the police arrived. в) The wounded woman had been takento hospital before the police arrived. They have already sent for the doctor. We expect him any time. а) The doctor has already been sent for. We expect him any time. They have been built a new stadium opposite our house lately. б) A new stadium has been built opposite our house lately They reported the fire to be burning out of control. б) The fire was reported to be burning out of control. They said that the new school ... in that area. г) would be built They told the mother not to worry about her sick boy as he was out of danger. б) The mother was told not to worry about her sick boy as he was out of danger They will have published the book by August. а) The book will have been published by August. This book ... in New York last year. a) was published This camera ... in Japan. 6) is made This department store ... this year, let's go shopping there. г) has been built This portrait... by a talented painter last year. 6) was painted This suit looks shabby. Sure. I have already worn it for three months. a) This suit looks shabby. Sure, it has already worn for three months. The children ... their homework now. a) are doing The problem is easy enough for ... to solve at once. 6) me The student ... the article asked me to help him. г) translating The two towns ... by a railway next year. в) will be connected This is ... problem she has ever had. в) the greatest This is ... way. г) the shortest Tom and ... wife have got two children. г) his Tom is proud ... his father. a) of The…industries don’t produce material goods B)service There are 3…of business ownership д) forms To attract greater financial… the company issues the stock A) resources The partners didn’t put the same… into business. B) amount of capital The group of people from different countries are going to… a corporation г) to establish The red Cross is an international…. Organization A ) cheritable The ….of the company includes real estate in California B) ownership The…of stuff departments is to do different service д) task The second type of ratio helps the company.. its current financial position B) to evaluate They… form the association with that corporation A) profit They have borrowed much money and they have to pay a big…б) interest That is very profitable deal, for that purpose we need….г) funding The current essets of a company usually include cash and…б)inventory The…of Germany is the mark B) currency That was the suit 1 had bought in Paris. а)Це був той костюм, котрий я купив у Парижі. The building is now a circus, it used to be a cinema. а) В цій будівлі зараз цирк. раніше там був кінотеатр. The delegation arrived in London yesterday at dawn. г) Делегаціяприбула до Лондона вчора на світанку. The ice will melt as soon as the sun comes out. а) Лід розтане, як тільки вигляне сонце. The parents did not allow their son to play with other children and he looked very sad. а) Батьки не дозволяли синові і гpaтися з іншими дітьми, і це його дуже засмучувало. The situation seems to be changing. б) Схоже, що ситуація змінюється. The two missing explorers have been found safe and sound. б) Двоє зниклих дослідників було знайдено живими й здоровими. The weather was fine and children asked their sister to go with them to the park. б) Погода була гарною, і діти попросили сестру піти з ними в парк. There was much foolish talking. б) Це було багато пустих розмов There will be a lot of people at the meeting today. а) Сьогодні на зборах буде багато людей. They discussed many articles from these French magazines last week-end. б) Вони обговорили чималостатей із них французьких журналів минулого вихідною. They don't want anyone else to come. б) Вонине хочуть, щоб приходив хто-небудь ще. They spend their holidays in the country. а) Вони проводять свої канікули в селі. They told us that they had been standing in the rain for an hour waiting for a bus. в) Вони сказали нам. що стоять під дощем вже годину, чекаючи на автобус This is the boy you wanted to speak to. а) Це – хлопець, з яким ви хотіли поговорити. The federal government can also finance its debts by printing money. The money you are most familiar with, currency, consists of the paper money and coins that you use almost daily. The price paid for the use of labor is called wages. The price paid for the use of land is called rent. The price system provides the answer to the fundamental questions of what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them. The principal difference between a barter economy and a money economy is that in a barter economy you must find someone who has what you want and wants what you have. The products of certain industries such as aluminium, chemicals and electronics, are protected by patents. The resourcesor factor of production as they are called, are land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship. There is a direct relationship between the amount of money in circulation and the level of business activity. Those who buy stocks to share in the profits and growth of a corporation over a long period of time are described as“investors”. Traditional economic systems are usually found in the more remote areas of the world. The … or factors of production as they are called, are land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship. (Resources) The federal government can also finance its debts by printing … (money) The money you are most familiar with, currency, consists of the … and coins that you use almost daily (paper money) The price paid for the use of labor is called … (wages) The price paid for the use of land is called … (rent) The price system provides the … to the fundamental questions of what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them. (Answers) The principal difference between a … and a … is that in a barter economy you must find someone who has what you want and wants what you have. (barter economy, money economy) The products of certain industries such as aluminium, chemicals and electronics, are protected by … (patents) There is a direct relationship between the amount of money in … and the level of business activity. (circulation) Those who buy stocks to share in the profits and growth of a corporation over a long period of time are described as … (“investors”) Traditional economic … re usually found in the more remote areas of the world. (systems)
UUU
Usually breakfast here ... at 8 o'clock. 6) is served Under conditions of perfect competition market price could be found at the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
VVV Victor ... any mistakes in the text, did he? a) didn't make
WWW We haven't discussed the book yet, let's do it now. в) The book hasn't been discussed yet. let's do it now. We were so glad to find out that they had taken 50 our students to the international conference. г)We were so glad to find out that 50 our students had been taken to the international conference. We will learn the results of the game when they ... on the radio. a) are announced We will send you this report as soon as we have fixed all the dates finally. а) We will send you this report as soon as all the dates have been fixed finally) We'll have repaired your TV by the end of the week. a) Your TV will have been repairedby the end of the week When I went into the cinema, they were showing the film. г) When 1 went into the cinema, the film was being shown We ... to Odessa for our holidays last year. г) went We are going for a walk. Who (want)….to go with us? г) wants What's ... first name? г) your When he ... the people in the hall he couldn't say a word. 6) saw When I got to the theatre the play ... already....в) had started When she was young she two foreign languages. a) was taught When we came out of the water we ... on the grass. в) lay When you ... some news let me know.6) get Where is my umbrella? I left ... in this corner. 6) it Who ... in this cottage? г) lives What kind of … is better:buying stock or buying real estate? г )investment We are going to intervine three… or the position. б)applicants When the business gets more…three is a need for the stuff department A) complex We all agree that it is better late than never. а) Ми всі згодні, що краше пізно, ніж ніколи. What are you wearing to the party. б) Що ви вдягаєте на вечірку? What makes you think so? г) Що змушує вас гак думати? Would you help me to carry this heavy suitcase? б) Чи не допоможете мені віднести цю важку валізу? When property applied, fiscal policies can provide effective tools with which to fight recession and inflation. When taxes are reduced, individuals and business firm will have more money available to spend for the things they want. When government reduces taxes to fight a recession, it often creates a budget deficit. … will offer more of a product at a higher price and less at a lower price. (Auction) When government reduces taxes to fight a recession, it often creates a … (budget deficit) When properly applied, … can provide effective tools with which to fight recession and inflation. (fiscal polices) When taxes are …, individuals and business firms will have more money available to spend for the things they want. (reduced)
YYY Your room is bigger than ....6) theirs You can serve your shares and …A) bonds Yielddepends on the rate and the frequency of compounding.
ПЕРЕКЛАД З УКР. НА АНГЛ Бажання людини безмежні, а кошти, необхідні для здійснення цих бажань, надто обмежені. – Human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are unlimited. Банки та ощадні установи допоможуть захистити ваші гроші від пожежі , крадіжки та інших нещасних випадків. – Banks and savings institutions protect your money against fire, theft and other disasters. Бізнесмени купують або продають землю чи інші природні ресурси, якщо сподіваються на прибуток від цієї угоди. – People in business buy or sell land or other natural resources if they think they can profit from the transaction. Бізнесові позики зазвичай класифікуються як довгострокові та короткострокові. – Business loans are generally classified as either short-term or long-term loans. Близько 50% підприємців розпочали свою справу у тих галузях виробництва, в яких вони вже мали певний досвід. – About 50% of entrepreneurs start their business in industries in which they have some experience. Валовий національний продукт – це загальна вартість усіх товарів і послуг, вироблених за рік. – The gross national product is the total value of all the goods and services produced in a single year. Велика кількість підприємств старанно працюють, щоб задовольнити ваші потреби. – Many business work very hard to meet your needs and wants. Витратами можуть бути будь-які кошти, що використовується у виробничому процесі. – Input can be any resource that goes into the production process. Головна різниця між бартерною та грошовою економікою полягає в тому, що при бартерній економіці вам слід шукати когось , хто мав би те, що ви хочете, і хотів би те, що ви маєте. – The principal difference between a barter economy and a money economy is that in a barter you must find someone who has what you want and wants what you have. Деякі економісти стверджують, що фінансова політика має кілька серйозних недоліків. – Many economists believe that the fiscal policy solutions have several serious drawbacks. Для того щоб досягти мети стабілізації економіки, уряд звертається до двох стратегій:фіскальної та грошової політики. – To achieve these goals the government relies upon two sets of tools: fiscal policy and monetary policy. Довгострокові позики існують для купівлі обладнання, будинків та інших цінних предметів. – Long-term loans are more likely to be used to purchase equipment, building and other high cost items. Економічні стимули впливають на наше рішення, що і де купити. – Economic incentive influence our decisions about what and where to buy. Звіт про прибуток підбиває підсумки річного прибутку, вартості фірми та різниці між прибутком і збитком. – Зговір – це секретна домовленість між двома або більше фірмами про встановлення цін і розподілу ринку. – Collusion is a secret arrangement between two or more firms to fix prices or share the market. Коли кількість продукції зростає швидше за кількість населення, рівень життя поліпшується. – When production is increasing faster than the population living standards are likely to improve. Коли податки зменшуватимуться, фірми та приватні особи матимуть у розпорядженні більше грошей, щоб витрачати їх на речі, які вони хочуть придбати. – When taxes are reduced, individuals and business firm will have more money available to spend for the things they want. Коли уряд зменшує податки. Він може створити дефіцит бюджету. – When government reduced taxes to fight a recession, it often creates a budget deficit. Конгломерат об’єднує дві або більше незалежних фірм під єдине керівництво. – Conglomerate merger combines two or more unrelated business under a single management. Короткострокові позики використовуються для фінансування повсякденних вартостей для створення фірми, таких як платіжні відомості, сировина і товари. – Short-term loans are used to finance the everyday costs of doing business, such as payrolls, raw materials and merchandise. Люди, які люблять свою роботу та одержують насолоду від неї, виробляють більше за тих , які не мають такої мотивації. – Those who like their jobs and feel they gain dignity and respect from the work will produce more than those who lack motivation to do their best. Ми вирішили покласти гроші на рахунок у банку. – We decided to deposit money in a savings account. Найбільша кількість грошей, що використовується бізнесом, надходить з продажу продукції та різних послуг. – More of the money used by business comes from the sale of its products and services. Один спосіб визначення рівня життя – це поділити всю продукцію на кількість населення. – A nations standard of living is measured by the amount of goods and services available to its citizens. Одна з головних переваг грошей над бартером – це те, що гроші можна ділити на частини. –One of the principal advantages of money over barter is its ability to be divided into parts. Одноосібне підприємство – це бізнес яким керує одна особа. – A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. Оскільки фірма продає товари або послуги, вона одержує гроші та використовує їх з метою покриття своїх витрат. – As a firm sells its products or services, it receives money which it uses to meet its expenses. Перед кожним суспільством постає проблема нестатку. – Every society is faced with the problem of scarcity. Покупці та продавці можуть виходити на ринок або залишити його за власним бажанням. – Buyers and sellers are able to enter or leave the market at will. Попит – це бажання та спроможність споживача купити товар чи послугу в певний час і в певному місці. – Demand is a consumers’ willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place. Приватна власність, цінова система, конкуренція – головні опори економічної системи. –Private property, the price system and competition are the pillars of economic system. Приватні цінні папери певної фірми цілком взаємозамінні. – Прикро, що збільшення грошової маси є поштовхом до інфляції. – Unfortunately, such increases in the money supply tend to fuel inflation by pushing up price. Ринкова ціна – єдина, яка може існувати протягом певного часу в умовах цілковитої конкуренції. –The market price is the only price that can exist for any length of time under perfect competition conditions. Ринок існує скрізь, де люди збираються разом, щоб купити або продати свої товари та послуги. – Markets exist wherever people come together to buy and sell their goods and services. Спільні фонди – це корпорації що купують акції та використовують вилучені суми для інвестування або гри на фондових біржах. – Mutual funds are corporations that sell stock and use the proceeds to invest or speculate in the securities markets. Споживачі – це люди, які користуються товарами та послугами для задоволення своїх потреб. – Consumers are people who use goods and services to satisfy their wants. Страхування-вклад захищає страхувальника кілька років. – Endowment insurance protects the insured for a specific number of years. Тепер багато вищих навчальних закладів пропонують програми, які вчать студентів, як розпочати бізнес і керувати ним. – Many college now offer programs that teach students how to start and operate a business. У великому бізнесі завдання, пов’язані з організацією та управлінням, виконуються багатьма найманими менеджерами. – In a large business the task of organizing and operating are done by many hired managers. У вільній ринковій економіці ціни визначаються взаємодією чинників пропозиції і попиту. –In a free market economy, prices are determined by the interaction of the forces of supply and demand. Уряд може покривати дефіцит бюджету, роблячи позички або випускаючи нові гроші. – Government can still spend because it can borrow or print money. Фінансові витрати – це загальна сума, яку ви сплачуєте, щоб скористатися кредитом. – Finance charge is the total amount you pay to use credit. Фондова біржа – це ринок, де зустрічаються посередники для купівлі і продажу акцій та облігацій своїм клієнтам. – Security exchange is a market where brokers meet to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their customers. Ціни спонукають виробників до збільшення або зниження рівня випуску товарів. – Prices encourage producers to increase or decrease their level of output. Ціни управляють ринковою економікою. – Market economies are directed by prices. Цінова система відповідає на такі питання: які товари та послуги виробляються?, як їх вироблятимуть?, хто їх отримуватиме? – The price system provides the answer to the fundamental questions of: what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, who will receive them. Чи існує певний ризик невиплати за облігаціями найсильніших корпорацій? – There is some risk of default on the bonds of even the strongest corporations.
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